对河岸居民取水合法性的探讨

<宪法>、<物权法>确立了河流的国家所有制,那么河岸居民的生活取水是否侵犯国家所有权呢?应如何看待河岸居民的取水权,成为一道法理难题.对于这类问题,首先要对"河流属于公物"的论题进行辩诘,其次要从公共所有权理论,法社会学视角以及法律的现行规定三个理路分析探讨,并进一步提出新问题,逐步推进.最后,以对人权的回归,解释居民取水权的逻辑自洽性.     

我国城市建设用地使用权制度的完善

我国城市建设用地使用权制度利弊参半、成功与不足并存。在使用权设定方式、使用权期限届满的法律后果、土地使用权人迟延开发土地和改变土地用途的法律后果以及土地使用权人之空间权等问题上,现行立法和《物权法(草案)》的有关规定均有缺陷,应当从我国城市土地的社会主义全民所有制的性质出发,以党的“三个代表”、“以民为本”的政治理念和马克思的市地级差地租理论为指导,加以改进和完善。     

马克思主义所有制范畴的综合性及对相关认识之评述

所有制是一个多层次、系列性的综合范畴。作为一般性范畴,是对以生产资料所有制为基础的多种关系概念的综合;作为历史性范畴,是一定社会阶段多种生产资料所有制形式结合的综合;作为生产过程范畴,又始终是所有制与社会生产不断循环和再生发展的综合。它是一个包括生产关系在内的并以一定的生产资料所有制为基础的诸多社会关系相关相连,既作为一定社会阶段中的结构状态,又是通过生产过程历史地发展着的综合性范畴体系。据此,文章对关于所有制研究中的"基础论"和"总和论"观点作了评述,并分别指出它们的认识缺陷和不良影响。     

我国职务发明的专利权归属问题探析

在职务发明的专利权归属问题上，我国一贯坚持的“单位优先”原则严重挫伤了发明人的积极性，造成我国职务发明专利申请量低下。借鉴国外知识产权强国的经验，结合我国实际，应该缩小职务发明的范围，扩大合同优先原则的适用范围，同时，为平衡单位与发明人间的利益，可在保护发明人原始权利的基础上建立申报制度。     

船舶所有权变动效力立法模式之反思

最高人民法院2012年3月31日颁布的《最高人民法院关于审理买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》第10条第4款突出了“交付”为船舶所有权变动的生效要件,但这样的规定容易造成信赖登记的善意第三人的利益难以得到保护,不能适应新兴的船舶融资租赁等交易方式的发展。中国法律应赋予登记以公信力,船舶所有权变动应当采登记生效主义更为妥当,这更符合司法实践和航运实务的操作。     

Ownership dynamics in local multi-stakeholder initiatives

The nature and dynamics of ownership are often neglected features of multi-stakeholder initiatives (MSIs). Seventeen cases in four countries illustrate characteristics of narrow government or broad societal ownership and forces for change over time. Refinements to the application of Gaventa’s Power Cube are used to analyse such shifts from the perspective of invited and closed spaces for participation. Observations about ways in which stakeholder groups can create a more enabling environment for their collaboration are discussed. Sensitivity to sub-national conditions by weaving endogenous and exogenous forces appears to be crucial if MSIs are to be effective vehicles of choice for implementing the Sustainable Development Goals.     

Steering and Monitoring Model of State-Owned Enterprises

The aim of this study is to systematize the heterogeneous field of stated-owned enterprises (SOEs) especially for steering and monitoring purposes. Based on the existent literature and the heterogeneous field of the Finnish state’s share portfolio, we create a model for steering and monitoring purposes. In our model, the SOEs are grouped into categories according to how much the state as an owner is concerned with the social service assignment principle, strategic interests, or purely shareholder value interests. Consistency in the basis, extent, and listing status of SOEs for steering and reporting creates good preconditions for ownership policy decision-making and ultimately improves the outcomes of ownership policy and steering.     

Going beyond data collection in ethnography: Options for bridging the gap between researchers and archivists

Abstract

This article investigates options for bridging the missing link between ethnographic field research and archiving. It interrogates the place of archiving in the entire fieldwork process and the roles played by researchers and archivists in promoting access. While a number of reasons explain the gap between research and archiving, the article identifies lack of collaboration as the main challenge. Borrowing from the postmodernist theoretical framework, the article argues that archivists cannot detach themselves from data collection, because the decisions they make are not objective but personal and subjective. The conclusion and main message are that digital technology, in spite of its many advantages, may not deliver all that it promises to data collection and archiving. There is a need to complement digital technology data collection and archiving with traditional archiving methods because of the latter's reliability and cost effectiveness.     

Issue Ownership Stability and Change: How Political Parties Claim and Maintain Issues Through Media Appearances

Drawing on a large-scale online experiment embedded in an electoral survey in Belgium, this study tests whether issue ownership is, rather than a stable condition, a dynamic process that can be manipulated by an experimental stimulus. Five thousand subjects were confronted with an embedded fake TV-news item in which the five leaders of the main Belgian parties offered their parties' stance on six issues. We find that issue ownership is a dynamic process and that news exposure leads to significant shifts in issue ownership. Especially on issues that are not owned by any party, a communicative performance by the party leader can make a difference. Regarding preowned issues, the effect is conditional; it depends on the balance of the news item.     

俄罗斯现代土地权利构成与发展走向

20世纪90年代以来的俄罗斯土地权利立法变迁,分别以土地再分配和土地权利有效实现为阶段性目标,形成了公私并存的土地所有权体系,以土地租赁为主、限制物权为辅的土地利用制度格局和以公法为主、私法为辅的土地权利规范调整模式。当前在俄罗斯联邦民法典现代化驱动下,对土地以及其他自然资源权利的法律调整彻底回归到私法框架中来,遵循物权逻辑改造土地权利体系,强化土地权利稳定性,扩充土地限制物权类型,增加公民、法人利用土地的机会成为俄罗斯土地权利立法再发展的主旨方向。