"非直接利益冲突"的规律及制度性应对思考——对重庆万州事件、四川大竹事件、贵州瓮安事件的反思

非直接利益冲突已经成为当前执政与治理的极大难题。它表现出冲突双方强弱差距越大,参与可能性越大;强势方态度行为越强横,参与的速度越快;政府部门的处置不及时,参与的程度越深等规律。预防非直接利益冲突的发生发展,需要加快建设促进社会良性运行的基础法律制度,加速完善提高执政权威与效能的行政法律制度,健全社会力量整合与引导的社会法律制度。     

Financial Recession and the Wages of the Czech Employees by Educational Attainment

The present paper deals with the development of wage distribution by educational attainment in the Czech Republic in the years of 2003-2012, analyzing 50 wage distributions as the object of research and the gross monthly wage in CZK （Czech Koruna） as the research variable. It examines the development of wage distribution in time and the gross monthly wage in relation to the level of educational attainment. It also pursues the development of the minimum wage in the monitored period. The author pays special attention to the lowest guaranteed wage levels classified according to wage classes and work capability assessment, comparing the minimum wage with the wage of subsistence. The forecasts of future wage distribution are an integral component of the research. Comparison of wage levels in the world and the position of wages of the Czech employees in the international context are included, too.     

我国矿产资源利益分配制度刍议

改革开放以来,中国经济发展取得了举世瞩目的成就,然而在增长的奇迹背后却是资源耗竭和环境污染。从宏观层面而论,这是我国长期以来实行粗放型经济增长方式的负面结果,但同时需要认识到,它与我国矿产资源利益分配制度的缺陷有直接关系。现行矿产资源利益分配制度导致了一种不合理的利益格局,各个利益相关者之间存在着权责不一致、分配不合理、成本外部化等问题。为构建社会主义和谐社会,实现可持续发展,建立产权清晰、税费明确、分配合理、补偿到位的矿产资源利益分配制度势在必行。     

对企业提取法定公益金相关法律规定的质疑

我国现行的一些法律、法规在税后利润分配,特别是提取公益金方面,对不同类型的企业作出了差异性较大的规定.尽管它们是在特定的历史条件下制定和实施的,对改革开放和经济发展产生过推动作用.然而,在发展市场经济和与世界经济接轨的今天,它们逐步显现出与时代发展的不相适应性,暴露出种种弊端和问题,需要尽快对相关法律进行修订.     

中国财富分布规律的实证研究

文章利用2003-2005年间《福布斯》公布的中国大陆富人榜的排名研究我国财富的分布，实证结果表明我国的财富分布服从幂律分布。通过计算得到我国财富分布的Pareto指数在0.98-1.21之间，从拟合优度可以看出幂律拟合高水平财富分布的尾部情形比较好。我国财富分布的Pareto指数较美国和英国的小，但是比印度的大，说明我国的贫富差距比美国、英国要大，但是要小于印度的贫富差距     

第三次分配:理论、实践与政策建议

随着中国经济社会发展进入新时代,以公益慈善、志愿服务、共享经济等为代表的各种新经济社会形态蓬勃发展,在理论、政策和制度层面提出了许多新问题,亟待研究解决。中共十九届四中全会在坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、全面部署国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的总体战略中,特别提出要"重视发挥第三次分配作用,发展慈善等社会公益事业"。本文在对第三次分配的理论发展和主要观点进行综述和厘清的基础上,结合近十年来实践领域的新发展和新需求拓展了对第三次分配的理解,将其界定为丰裕社会的财富流向如何适应个体精神追求并达成人民美好生活的命题;随后在与初次分配和再分配相比较的基础上分析了第三次分配的特征,并就第三次分配的研究和政策发展提出相应的建议。     

检察机关公诉案件程序分流机制探析

随着刑事诉讼效率价值的凸显,越来越多的国家已经否定了罪行不分轻重一概起诉的做法。公诉环节程序分流机制的建立是以起诉便宜主义为前提,赋予检察官不起诉裁量权。该机制的建立不仅是各国刑事诉讼制度改革的必然趋势,而且也是联合国刑事司法准则的基本要求。     

氯胺酮体内分布综述

氯胺酮作为一种重要的麻醉药品在临床上有着广泛的应用。近年来,其非法滥用问题日益凸显,随之而来的犯罪数量亦呈不断增长趋势。本文对氯胺酮在活体内的分布以及死后尸体内再分布等受温度、药物相互作用、邻近组织器官相互作用、尸体保存条件等因素影响进行了综述。     

Disability and support relationships: What role does policy play?

Very little is known about how relationships between people with disabilities and their paid support workers are positioned in policy. With the policy shift toward choice of provider, individualised approaches, person centredness and self‐directed funding, the nature of their relationship assumes a more prominent role in the quality of support practice. The policy analysis in this article explores the extent to which current disability policy acknowledges, promotes, or diminishes the relationships between people with disabilities and workers, in their organisational context. It uses Honneth's conditions for recognition—love (cared for), rights (respected) and solidarity or social esteem (valued)—to understand how policy positions mutuality in the relationship. The policy review applied a three‐stage process: categorisation of policies, textual analysis and content analysis to policy documents at four levels—international, Australian federal, state and organisational in two case studies. The analysis revealed that while a rights framework is explicit in most policies, the emphases on the conditions for recognition within a relationship between people with disabilities and workers are compromised in instructional policies that attempt to manage the tension between choice and risk, particularly at the organisational level.     

Assessment of approximate likelihood ratios from continuous distributions: a case study of digital camera identification

A reported likelihood ratio for the value of evidence is very often a point estimate based on various types of reference data. When presented in court, such frequentist likelihood ratio gets a higher scientific value if it is accompanied by an error bound. This becomes particularly important when the magnitude of the likelihood ratio is modest and thus is giving less support for the forwarded proposition. Here, we investigate methods for error bound estimation for the specific case of digital camera identification. The underlying probability distributions are continuous and previously proposed models for those are used, but the derived methodology is otherwise general. Both asymptotic and resampling distributions are applied in combination with different types of point estimators. The results show that resampling is preferable for assessment based on asymptotic distributions. Further, assessment of parametric estimators is superior to evaluation of kernel estimators when background data are limited.