计算机字体单字的可著作权问题研究——兼评中国《著作权法》的第三次修改

计算机字体单字的可著作权问题随着"方正电子公司诉宝洁公司侵犯计算机字体‘飘柔’"案的发生,已成为知识产权领域的焦点话题。这一问题的解决需要从知识产权法的基本原理出发,对计算机字体单字可著作权问题中涉及的诸如"独创性"、"创造与劳动"、"独创性与审美性"、"创作与手段"等基本的范畴展开进一步的反思、质评和考辨。计算机字体单字作为美术作品保护符合著作权的基本法理,有其逻辑上的自洽性;计算机字体单字和字库同时受著作权保护,既是形式逻辑的必然要求,也符合范式国家立法的发展潮流和正确理解立场。基于此,有必要借鉴相关国际公约和国外先进立法,设计我国《著作权法》第三次修改的具体进路,并对计算机字体单字的著作权保护作出合理的制度安排,以期为我国《著作权法》的适时完善有所裨益。     

影响监狱人民警察心理健康的职业压力源探析

监狱人民警察作为一个特殊的职业群体,其职业的特殊性决定了他们承受的心理压力远远高于一般社会群体.找出并分析影响监狱人民警察心理健康的职业压力源,对有效地维护监狱警察的身心健康,提升监狱警察队伍的执法效率,具有十分重要的理论意义和现实意义.     

生命权对立下紧急避险存在的空间

紧急避险是人们熟悉的一项排除犯罪的事由,但关于生命能否作为避险客体尚不能达成一致意见。我国采取法益衡量的观点,其认为生命的价值大于其他任何的法益,所以生命不能作为紧急避险的客体。但此观点有些过于绝对,本文主要是针对生命权避险问题所引发的思考,进行一些相应的分析从而提出我的观点。     

“河南公安精神”是河南警务改革的源动力

河南警务改革从题目提出，到试点实验，再到各省辖市城区公安机关全面展开，一直有一种内在的动力在无形中推动着它稳步向前发展，这就是“河南公安精神”。正是全省公安民警以“忠诚、为民、拼搏、奉献”的精神面貌，义无反顾地投入到我国公安史上最大的警务改革，才破解了一个个难题，取得巨大的成功。     

再论毛泽东思想与中国特色社会主义理论体系

毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系是马克思主义中国化的两大理论成果。中国特色社会主义理论体系不包括毛泽东思想,毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系是并列关系而不是包含关系。但是,说中国特色社会主义理论体系和毛泽东思想不是包含关系,并不是说两者没有任何逻辑联系。恰恰相反,没有毛泽东思想,就不可能有中国特色社会主义理论体系。毛泽东思想是中国特色社会主义理论体系的渊源理论,毛泽东哲学思想是中国特色社会主义理论体系的哲学基础。     

东方哲学智慧与辩证法的新规律——谈“分合互动律”

黑格尔的欧式辩证法,侧重"分",即从"一分为二"的角度去说明矛盾存在于事物内部,并且是发展的动力。而中国哲学侧重"合",从"合二为一"的角度说明矛盾的性质及认识的规律。如果把矛盾的"分"与"合"、"一分为二"与"合二为一"结合起来,则可以在矛盾规律的本体论与认识论方面达到更高的境界。这就是"分合互动律"的含义。     

Development of Latent Fingerprints on Thermal Paper by the Controlled Application of Heat

Apparatus to produce a spatially and temporally uniform heat source is described and this is used to visualize latent fingerprints deposited onto thermal paper by raising the temperature of the paper. Results show an improvement over previous research when fingerprint deposits are aged or the developed fingerprints faint; visualization being enhanced by the use of a blue LED light source of 465 nm peak wavelength. An investigation of the components in fingerprint sweat likely to affect the solubility and hence color change of the dye present in the thermal paper has shown that polar protic solvents able to donate a proton are favored and a polar amino acid found commonly in eccrine fingerprint sweat (lysine) has been shown able to produce the desired color change. Aged fingerprint deposits on thermal paper from a variety of sources up to 4 years old have been visualized with this technique.     

A New Barometer for the Evolution of Multilateral Counterterrorism: Introduction to the Materials,Methods, and Results of the UN Security Council and Terrorism Dataset (UNSC-TDS)

There is a general tendency among analysts to treat the activity of the United Nations Security Council as a barometer for measuring the evolution of global security issues. However, despite the Council's central role in multilateral counterterrorism since 9/11, there exists no comprehensive and coherent empirical measurement of its activity on terrorism. This research gap has resulted in contradictory assessments concerning the beginning, the regularity, and the consistency of the Council's activity on terrorism. In an effort to introduce more academic rigor to terrorism studies, researchers need to systematically address this deficit. This article makes a fundamental contribution by introducing a new dataset, the UN Security Council and Terrorism Dataset. It outlines the problems of previously available data and specifies the materials and methods used for the creation of the dataset. It continues by presenting key results from this unprecedented data collection effort and illustrates general trends in the Council's activity on terrorism. Based on this extensive empirical research, it finds that the UN Security Council's activity on terrorism has evolved more regularly and consistently since 1946 than previously thought. This conclusion indicates new directions for future research.     

Free software production as critical social practice

Abstract

This paper analyses the phenomenon of free and open source software (FOSS) in the light of Luc Boltanski and Ève Chiapello's The new spirit of capitalism. It argues that collaborative FOSS production by volunteer software developers is a species of critical social practice in Boltanski and Chiapello's sense: rooted in resistance to capitalist social relations, and yet also a source of values that justify the new routes to profitability associated with contemporary network capitalism. Advanced via collective projects that are sustained by hacker norms and privately legislated ‘copyleft’ law, the FOSS ethos is apparently antithetical to private property-based accumulation. Yet it can be shown to embody the ‘new spirit of capitalism’ in its most distilled form; moreover FOSS developers have instituted new forms of property and new modes of profit creation around software that are in the process of being adapted for use in other economic sectors. Meanwhile, the private law constraints on profit-seeking that have emerged from the FOSS movement are counteracting some of the social pathologies that accompany network capitalism only to consolidate others. The paper concludes by identifying likely bases for a renewal of critique given these realities.     

论作为民法法源的“法理”

我国《民法典》第10条未将“法理”规定为第三位阶的法源。在理论上,除少数学者反对设立第三顺位法源外,多数学者赞同规定第三顺位法源,惟对其原因基本未详尽展开。无论是从法源条款的性质、使法源条款真正具有实益、为法律“续造”提供合法性基础的角度来看,还是从《民法典》已赋予法官较广泛司法权、我国民事法官依“法理”填补法律漏洞成为较为普遍的现实来看,抑或从发挥法理的“学科沟通功能”来看,确立第三顺位法源均有其必要性。从立法技术来看,将第三顺位法源表述为“民法基本原则”并非最优,仍以“法理”的表述为宜,因为“法理”的内涵与外延比“(民法)基本原则”更为丰富。除民法基本原则外,“法理”可能是非属民法基本原则范畴的民法基本原理、未明定的民法原则;此外,“法理”也可能是制定法乃至习惯法上的法律原则。