《大清现行刑律》与民初民事法源——大理院对“现行律民事有效部分”的适用

“现行律民事有效部分”是民初一种主要而又特殊的民事法源，源自《大清现行刑律》，但在立法层面，《大清现行刑律》从“刑律”到“民法”转变的任务并未完成，即未形成统一法律文本样态的“现行律民事有效部分”。司法机关适用该法源时面临着三大难题：无统一明确的内容该如何适用？相关律(例)文未去刑罚化如何用于民事审判？旧的律(例)文如何适应新的社会情势和法律制度？大理院以判例和解释例，确认并明确了“现行律民事有效部分”的内容范围，从原刑律条款转化出民事效果，并通过法律解释、类推适用和假借等方式，保证了其在民初司法实践中的正常适用；经由法律概念的对接、民法理论的融合和权利观念的渗透，实现了对“现行律民事有效部分”的创新，使其成为中国民法近代化历程中新旧之法融合的一个节点和枢纽，构成近代中国法制史上的重要一环。     

污染源普查:官方主导抑或排污方主动申报——评《全国污染源普查条例》及其实施方式

全国性污染源普查——覆盖全国范围内全部污染源的调查——是必要的。但如何普查才能使效果既显著、花费又最低则是必须考虑的首要问题。《全国污染源普查条例》所规定的普查方式与本文设计的调查流程具有相同的机理：信赖排污方，相信其填报数据的真实性。但是前者调查成本远远高于后者，而调查效果和效率都不及后者。因此需要彻底反思现有的普查体制，废止该实施方式。     

恐怖主义的根源及其防治对策分析

恐怖主义有其产生的历史因素、政治因素、文化因素和民族、宗教因素。针对恐怖主义活动这一特殊的犯罪活动,对策方面必须体现特殊性:立法上要体现国际合作的精神;要以防为主,防控结合;要建立一套统一协调的管理机制,特别是军警配合机制;要使侦查技术手段与安全检查、安全防范有机结合。     

浅析不作为犯罪的义务来源

不作为犯罪是我国刑事犯罪的重要组成部分,它与作为犯罪一样具有严重的社会危害性。研究不作为犯罪,首先要明确不作为犯罪的义务来源,不作为犯罪的义务来源是不作为犯罪的核心问题,它包括四个方面:法律明文规定的义务,先行行为引起的义务,职务或业务上要求的义务以及法律行为引起的义务。除此之外,道德义务不应成为不作为犯罪的义务来源。     

Self-expression and collaborative ‘pro-sumption’ in the digital brandscape

ABSTRACT

The evolution of the global economy has seen the emergence of a digital market space. The collaborative and expressive nature of interactive media and technology allows users to participate in the production and publication of branded content within digital communities of affinity. This presents increased possibilities for self-expression, as well as unlimited opportunities for participation in determining and influencing brand narratives. The digital brandscape has therefore become a collaborative space where surplus brand value is produced, but also where struggles in terms of power and counter power between brands and brand consumers evolve. Against this background, this conceptual article explores the brand challenges the notion of consumer brand self-expression poses in a collaborative open-source context where brand identity is constantly challenged, and brand narratives are continuously written and rewritten by multiple brand authors. The article concludes that it is important that brands do not navigate these risks by adopting defensive stances, but rather boldly seize the opportunities that these technologies offer for creating new market linkages and for developing customer insights that create innovative brand value and impact, by tapping into opportunities for creative self-expression.     

Investigating the Potential of Fluorescent Fingerprint Powders as a Marker for Blow Fly Larvae (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Four fluorescent fingerprint powders (RedWop^?, GreenWop^?, Basic Yellow^?, and Yellow Powder^?) were evaluated as a marker for blow fly larvae. Administration methods included ingestion (high vs. low concentration) or topical. Ingestion of high concentrations of Basic Yellow^? and RedWop^? caused higher larval mortality. Basic Yellow^? delayed development and adult emergence while RedWop^? and Yellow Powder^? had a significant effect on particular stages of development, however, emergence time was not altered. Optimal administration is through ingestion at low concentration levels (<10%) or topically, with GreenWop^? demonstrating minimal adverse effects. Optimum wavelength for discrimination between powders was 450 nm. This research can aid in investigative training to increase visibility of larval and pupal blow flies. It can also be used in entomological studies to differentiate between larval blow flies (or other dipteran) species or individuals to further understand complex interactions and behavior during larval development.     

Identification of Natural Images and Computer‐Generated Graphics Based on Statistical and Textural Features

To discriminate the acquisition pipelines of digital images, a novel scheme for the identification of natural images and computer‐generated graphics is proposed based on statistical and textural features. First, the differences between them are investigated from the view of statistics and texture, and 31 dimensions of feature are acquired for identification. Then, LIBSVM is used for the classification. Finally, the experimental results are presented. The results show that it can achieve an identification accuracy of 97.89% for computer‐generated graphics, and an identification accuracy of 97.75% for natural images. The analyses also demonstrate the proposed method has excellent performance, compared with some existing methods based only on statistical features or other features. The method has a great potential to be implemented for the identification of natural images and computer‐generated graphics.     

人性：西方法治思想之源及评析

西方法治的创设基点是:人性本恶,法治也就因人性恶而产生;性恶论是西方法治主义的根基,是西方法治思想的逻辑起点,同时也是分权制衡制度设计的基石。西方法律制度的构建是在人性恶的基本假设中推导而出的;西方法治发展和制度文明从此展开。     

从绝对理性到相对理性——民法法典化的思路

如何制定我国民法典 ?学者们意见分歧较大 ,有学者将其归纳为三种思路即英美式、法国式和德国式。三种思路中的法国式、德国式的主张均强调民法典内部结构的逻辑性和体系性 ,注重法典的形式理性。然而 ,纵观 2 0世纪以来 ,各国民法典为迎合社会、经济发展的需求而发生的种种变化表明 ,传统的民法典试图将所有的民事法律规范纳入其中的设计只不过是一个梦想而已 ,其所倡导的形式理性正在从绝对理性向相对理性转变 ,社会需要的是一部更多体现实质理性的民法典。基于此 ,笔者认为 ,我国在制定民法典的思路中应选择制定颁布单行法 ,即形成一部体系开放的实质上的民法典 ,而非传统民法所倡导的形成一部逻辑性极强 ,容纳内容有限的形式上的民法典 ,以符合当代的社会、经济的发展需求     

Using anisotropic diffusion for efficient extraction of sensor noise in camera identification

Each digital camera has an intrinsic fingerprint that is unique to each camera. This device fingerprint can be extracted from an image and can be compared with a reference device fingerprint to determine the device origin. The complexity of the filters proposed to accomplish this is increasing. In this note, we use a relatively simple algorithm to extract the sensor noise from images. It has the advantages of being easy to implement and parallelize, and working faster than the wavelet filter that is common for this application. In addition, we compare the performance with a simple median filter and assess whether a previously proposed fingerprint enhancement technique improves results. Experiments are performed on approximately 7500 images originating from 69 cameras, and the results are compared with this often used wavelet filter. Despite the simplicity of the proposed method, the performance exceeds the common wavelet filter and reduces the time needed for the extraction.