保险的专利化问题评析

人们对保险的专利问题鲜有关注,甚至认为保险没有实现专利化的可能。事实上,借助商业方法专利的考量,在满足一定要件后,保险是能够获得专利的。尤其在目前,我国的保险业面临严峻的考验,适时将专利战略纳入国内保险公司的发展战略之中,立足于中国特色的保险商业方法专利法律制度是比较现实的选择。     

Patent Production at a European Research University: Exploratory Evidence at the Laboratory Level

Most studies of academic patenting focus on the university as the unit of analysis. In contrast, we examine this phenomenon at the laboratory level. Based on a sample of 83 research laboratories of Louis Pasteur University (ULP, Strasbourg, France) from 1993 to 2000, we constructed a panel data set that allows us to discriminate between patents that are owned by the university and those that are owned by firms and other organizations but invented by faculty members. We use these data to estimate a patent production function and find that university-owned patents are more responsive to specific public funding, while non-university-owned patents are more responsive to industrial funding. Our results also highlight the importance to control for disciplinary and institutional differences, since they significantly affect the production of the different kinds of ULP patents.     

Ideation and Appropriation: Wittgenstein on Intellectual Property

This paper provides a critique of the contemporary notion of intellectual property based on the consequences of Wittgenstein's “private language argument”. The reticence commonly felt toward recent applications of patent law, e.g., sports moves, is held to expose erroneous metaphysical assumptions inherent in the spirit of current IP legislation. It is argued that the modern conception of intellectual property as a kind of natural right, stems from the mistaken internalist or Augustinian picture of language that Wittgenstein attempted to diffuse. This view becomes persuasive once it is shown that a complete understanding of the argument against private language must include Wittgenstein's investigation of the role of the will in the creative process. It is argued that original thought is not born by decree of the will, but engendered by a public context of meaning and value. What marks a person as a genius is, therefore, according to Wittgenstein, not some sovereign capacity of conceptual world-making, but merely a propitious dose of intellectual courage. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

对雇员发明专利权归属的再思考

雇员发明专利权的归属问题是专利法中比较重要的问题。我国《专利法》试图通过对专利的发明有实质性贡献的判断来平衡发明人与单位之间的利益,而不是仅凭雇佣关系的外表来判定专利权的归属。这一点是值得肯定的。但是现有立法在更多的时候却背离了专利权归发明人本人所有这一知识产权领域中的古老原则。应在坚持一些基本原则的前提下,借鉴外国的立法例,使这个问题得到更合理的解决。     

对平行进口可否行使禁止请求权——日本最高法院1997年7月1日第三小法庭判决

对专利产品平行进口如何进行法律调控是国际贸易和法学领域亟待解决的问题。我国已加入世界贸易组织,在国际贸易中,不可避免地会出现越来越多的专利产品平行进口。但是,在我国现行法律中并没有直接规范专利产品平行进口的条文,司法实践中也没有案例可供参考。车轮案是日本最高法院对专利产品平行进口首次表态的判例,它以专利权人在第一次销售专利产品时未附加限制销售地区为由,允许平行进口,由此否认了专利权人的禁止请求权。该判决一经作出,即在国际社会上引起广泛关注。现将三村量一法官就该案撰写的文章翻译成中文,以为我国学者研究和法官处理专利产品平行进口问题,提供第一手参考资料。     

美国专利侵权损害赔偿中的分摊规则问题

在专利侵权损害赔偿确定中,以侵权产品的总价值中可归功于被侵权专利技术的贡献确定专利侵权损害赔偿的分摊规则,有助于解决全部市场价值规则所导致的过度赔偿及专利权排他权非法扩张等问题。美国一百多年相关实践对分摊规则进行了有益探索,我国应借鉴美国的经验对专利侵权损害赔偿制度进行完善。     

知识产权变动登记效力模式探析——以专利权为例

专利权作为绝对权,在变动过程中关涉不特定多数人利益,因此其在变动中的公示方式及其效力模式的选择至关重要。通过分析,在我国现行法律体系下,专利权变动宜采登记证明主义和登记生效主义,但在应然层面上,或许采登记证明主义和登记对抗主义更为合适。专利权变动登记模式可以适用于整个知识产权。     

专利侵权判定中等同原则的适用

等同原则是发明和实用新型专利侵权判断中的一个重要原则，但由于我国现行法律对等同原则规定得比较少，给专利侵权判定工作带来了较大的不确定性。在适用等同原则时应当以侵权行为发生的时间为界限，应当摈弃适用多余指定原则，并且要运用申请历史禁止反悔原则和已有技术抗辩原则进行适当限制。     

假冒他人专利、冒充专利与侵犯专利权行为辨析——兼谈专利法第三次修改

假冒他人专利行为与侵犯专利权行为、冒充专利行为相互间的关系一直是困扰理论界以及司法实践的难题。在利益平衡的理念下，以社会公众利益为视角对假冒他人专利行为进行重新解读：假冒他人专利与侵犯专利权之间是互相排斥的，假冒他人专利与冒充专利二者应做一体化的法律规定。     

确认不侵犯专利权之诉的受理条件研究

自2002年我国承认确认不侵犯专利权之诉开始,法院在专利权人发送警告信、专利权人不作为和专利权人撤销侵权诉讼三种情况下均受理此类案件。本文在分析我国司法实践的基础上,借鉴外国的相关做法,建议修改2009年司法解释第18条的规定,并将2009年审判意见第13条规定的第二种情形纳入司法解释范围,进一步完善我国的确认不侵犯专利权之诉的受理条件。