The 'Culture' of Exclusion: Representations of Indigenous Women Street Vendors in Tijuana, Mexico

Representations of indigenous women vendors are contrasted with the ways indigenous women see themselves. Some images are openly hostile, whereas others discriminate against these women through a form of paternalistic love. For example, the understanding of indigenous women as outsiders from different social spaces and deviants from middle-class gender norms suggests that they are 'undeserving poor' whose interests should not be considered. On the other hand, the concept of indigenous 'culture,' as defined and shaped by some non-Indian academics, has further marginalized Tijuana's indigenous migrants. While defending the right of indigenous migrants to use public spaces, academics have characterized manifestations of poverty as the traditions of this ethnic group.     

反思法律对社会关系对立面的强化——从知情同意权切入

信赖、合作、有成效的医患关系是一理想状态,是用以评价实际医患关系的标尺。历史上,基于理想的伦理预设,医生为患者做主,成为理所应当,这便是医疗父杈主义,而当原先的伦理预设被打破后,法律父权主义模式便得以介入,其强调知情同意这一制度,以此改变过去的医患关系模式。然而,由干专业壁垒等因素的存在,知情同意权有被医疗方"工具化"的倾向,难免会使医患双方的对立面被强化。反思这一问题,将对法律父权主义模式向理想模式靠近有积极意义。     

父爱主义与“还地于民”

农村经济体制改革的进程就是一个“还地于民”的过程。因为流转上的障碍,农村土地权利并未真正物权化。流转管制背后蕴藏着父爱主义理念。父爱主义没有随着市场经济的发展而消解,反而重新抬头。但逻辑上父爱主义的预设前提并不存在,且潜伏着无效率和不自由的危险。父爱主义本质上是一种精英主义,土地管制所借助的三个正当化理由都有反思的必要。目前全球金融危机为“还地于民”提供了历史契机,摒弃父爱主义有助于实现农村土地资产彻底物权化和农民身份彻底市民化,并为克服危机提供动力。     

另一个德沃金如是说——《自治的理论与实践》札记

杰拉德·德沃金教授《自治的理论与实践》一书中蕴涵着丰富精彩的对哲学与法学原理的论述,其中关于程序性自治、法律父爱主及其理论背后的功利主义为我们的政治学、道德哲学和法学研究提供了一种新的思路.这些论述为具有与西方不同的法律文化传统的中国所进行法治秩序建构提供了另一个视角或注脚.     

A capability analysis of Rwandan development policy: calling into question human development indicators

This article provides a capability analysis of Rwandan development policy. It is motivated by impressive progress on human development indicators in combination with highly centralised policymaking, giving ambiguous signs regarding a capability approach. It is based on extensive original empirical material, along with large numbers of official documents and academic sources. The analysis is structured around three issues that concern the relation between individual agency and government policy, and that are debated among capability scholars as well as in relation to Rwandan development policy: participation, transformation and paternalism. The finding that Rwandan development policy reflects an approach very different from a capability approach is not surprising, but establishes that the assumed link between human development indicators and the capability approach needs to be questioned. This brings our attention to shortcomings in any quantitative measurements of development, or in the use of and importance attached to them, as well as to the problem of assuming that certain outputs go hand in hand with certain processes. While this is valid for contexts far beyond Rwanda, it also sheds light specifically on the polarisation that exists in the scholarly debate on Rwanda.     

刑事司法中的母爱主义

我国的刑事法律经过多年发展，具有了一定的技术化特征，但往往是以武断、专横、惩罚和报复的面貌出现，抹杀了对具体的、感性的个体的关怀。技术化特征和法律形式主义是以男性为中心的法律的产物，表现为立法的父爱主义。而对具体的、感性的个体的关怀，是近年来日益凸显的刑事司法母爱主义的基本特征之一。刑事司法母爱主义关注社会问题、关注社会关系的修复、关注社会回归、关注青少年的成长和未来等富有感性的问题，从而使法律成为“有血有肉”的法律。导致其凸显的背景因素主要有：独生子女问题成为“公众论题”，女司法官人数的迅速增长，女权主义的兴起等。     

A Cross-Cultural View of Adults’ Perceptions of Children’s Rights

This study examined how the need for autonomy may be coexisting with current cultural norms. A total of 264 U.S., 76 Swiss, and 51 British adults completed two perceptions of children’s rights surveys. The results showed that Swiss and British participants were significantly more likely to advocate for autonomy or self-determination rights than same-aged U.S. adults. British participants were also more likely to advocate for children’s self-determination rights than U.S. and Swiss participants, whereas Swiss adults were more likely to grant children nurturance rights than British and US adults. Generally, parents were less likely to advocate for autonomy than non-parents. The results are discussed in terms of individualism—collectivism, self-determination theories, and parentalism.     

我们有权选择死亡吗? ──对"安乐死"的法理学思考

随着荷兰"安乐死"法案的通过,关于"安乐死"问题的争论日趋激烈,仁智各见.本文拟从法理学的角度对"安乐死"提出个人的反对意见,并进行了较为严谨的论证.