论公安院校心理学与心理测试技术的教学衔接

随着犯罪心理测试教学在公安院校的开展,公安院校学生心理学基础的薄弱对教学所带来的负面影响越来越明显。研究发现,目前我国公安院校心理学教育不论在教学体系,还是在教学方法上都存在一定的问题。这些问题不仅导致学生在研究犯罪心理测试时力不从心,而且不利于他们在将来的工作中迅速适应环境,解决这些问题,必须改革公安院校心理学教育的教学体系和教学方法。具体来说,在教学体系改革中,要着重增加“警察心理”与“社会心理学”等内容,在教学方法改革中,要强化案例教学研究,尝试研究性学习,加强操作性训练。     

A molecular classification of moles and its use in filiation tests

Pregnancies, including ones that follow sexual assaults, occasionally produce hydatidiform moles. The alleged fathers (AFs) of moles have been tested for paternity by identifying the mole's locus phenotype—the one or two visible paternal obligate alleles (POAs) per locus. The probability that the mole inherited the POAs from the AF was divided by the probability that the mole inherited the POAs from a random man. This likelihood ratio (LR) would increase if the mole's specific genotype was known. Moles are generated in five different ways that produce five distinct genotypes. Examining a mole's multilocus STR profile reveals a mole's pathogenesis, determines locus genotypes, and increases paternity LRs.     

Validation of the 4‐aminophenol color test for the differentiation of marijuana‐type and hemp‐type cannabis

The analysis of cannabis plant material submitted to seized‐drug laboratories was significantly affected by the signing of the Agricultural Improvement Act of 2018, which defined hemp and removed it from the definition of marijuana in the Controlled Substances Act. As a result, field law enforcement personnel and forensic laboratories now are in need of implementing new protocols that can distinguish between marijuana‐type and hemp‐type cannabis. Colorimetric tests provide a cost‐effective and efficient manner to presumptively identify materials prior to submission to a laboratory for analysis. This work presents the validation of the 4‐aminophenol (4‐AP) color test and demonstrates its utility for discriminating between marijuana‐type and hemp‐type cannabis (i.e., typification). Validation studies included the testing of numerous cannabinoid reference materials, household herbs, previously characterized cannabis plant samples, and real‐case samples. The 4‐AP test reliably produces a pink result when the level of Δ⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is approximately three times lower than the level of cannabidiol (CBD). A blue result is generated when the level of THC is approximately three times higher than that of CBD. Inconclusive results are observed when the levels of THC and CBD are within a factor of three from each other, demonstrating the limitations of the test under those scenarios.     

液基细胞学技术对减少临床医疗纠纷的应用价值

目的探讨液基细胞学技术对于减少临床医疗纠纷的价值。方法对1531例样本分别用液基细胞学方法和传统巴氏涂片技术进行宫颈细胞学涂片制作,其中液基细胞学方法分别用新柏氏耗材和昂佰氏耗材;涂片根据TBS 2001标准进行诊断;细胞学诊断为LSIL以上病变(包括LSIL、HSIL、SCC和AC)者组织活检进行组织学诊断;应用SPSS11.0软件进行数据分析。结果液基细胞学方法同传统巴氏方法相比,在标本满意度、敏感度、特异度和准确性、假阴性率和误诊率等方面有显著统计学差异(P<0.05),新柏氏和昂佰氏获得结果之间无明显差异。结论液基细胞学技术可以有效提高宫颈癌普查的诊断水平,从而有效防止和减少医疗纠纷的发生;昂佰氏耗材可以替代新柏氏耗材进行液基细胞学检查。     

利用心理测试技术成功侦破8年前的交通肇事案

利用心理测试技术,一件积压8年的交通肇事案成功侦破,说明心理测试技术对积案犯罪嫌疑人的甄别有着独到的作用。     

Preliminary investigations into tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium III as a chemiluminescent reagent for the detection of 3,6-diacetylmorphine (heroin) on surfaces

The use of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl) ruthenium (III) as a chemiluminescent spray reagent spot-test for heroin is discussed. Two forms of the reagent are investigated an aqueous and an anhydrous where both were found to give vastly different results. The aqueous reagent giving slow, low intensity chemiluminescence whilst the anhydrous reagent gave a fast, bright response in the presence of 3,6-diacetylmorphine. The anhydrous reagent is less sensitive the slow, intensity response is characteristic of only two opiates tested 3,6-diacetylmorphine and 3-monoacetylmorphine.     

国产试剂盒Goldeneye~(TM)20A在亲权鉴定中的应用评估

目的评估GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒在亲权鉴定中的应用价值。方法应用GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒对289宗亲权鉴定案例中的FTA卡血样本基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,扩增产物用ABI 3130xl遗传分析仪进行毛细管电泳,GeneMapper v3.2和GeneMarker HID软件进行基因分型及统计学分析,并与IdentifilerTM、SinofilerTM、PowerPlex16 3种试剂盒进行比较。结果采用GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒,累积非父排除概率(CPE)为0.999 999 996,累积个人识别能力(CPD)达0.999 999 999 999 999 999 999 932 44,与目前常用的3种试剂盒相比较,GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒在不排除的案例中具有更高的CPI值;在排除的案例中具有更多的排除指标。结论国产GoldeneyeTM20A试剂盒在亲权鉴定中有较高的应用价值。     

Preparation of pyrolysis reference samples: evaluation of a standard method using a tube furnace

A new, simple method for the reproducible creation of pyrolysis products from different materials that may be found at a fire scene is described. A temperature programmable steady-state tube furnace was used to generate pyrolysis products from different substrates, including softwoods, paper, vinyl sheet flooring, and carpet. The temperature profile of the tube furnace was characterized, and the suitability of the method to reproducibly create pyrolysates similar to those found in real fire debris was assessed. The use of this method to create proficiency tests to realistically test an examiner's ability to interpret complex gas chromatograph-mass spectrometric fire debris data, and to create a library of pyrolsates generated from materials commonly found at a fire scene, is demonstrated.     

Chemistry in crime investigation: sodium percarbonate effects on bloodstains detection

Chemistry plays a leading role in crime investigation. In the study of bloodstains, chemical reactions provide the means for the detection. All these procedures have been thoroughly studied. However, recently, a new source of error has been found: washing stains with "active oxygen" detergents abrogates presumptive and human hemoglobin tests for bloodstains (although visible). The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the ability of pure sodium percarbonate-main component of detergents-to abrogate presumptive and human hemoglobin tests. Then, a solution to this problem could be found. The results demonstrate that pure sodium percarbonate-itself-is able to abrogate all tests, as well as the different degrees to which each of them is affected by the product. Consequently, faced with a stain of bloody appearance, even the preliminary tests are negative; it is advisable to analyze the DNA. Otherwise, the opportunity of obtaining valuable information is lost.     

Detection strategies for feigned psychopathology: test development and effects of criminal charge simulation design on response styles

Feigned psychopathology detection strategy is needed for forensic settings in Thailand. This initial Thai version of the symptoms validity test (SVT-Th) was developed based on two global detection strategies including unlikely and amplified detection strategies proposed by Rogers. The participants were collected from populations of nonclinical undergraduate students and clinical psychiatric patients. Results of Study 1, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were used to determine the factor structures of the SVT-Th. The results of CFA supported 2-factorial model as proposed by Rogers. The SVT-Th was found to possess a high degree of internal consistency. Using a simulation designed in Study 2, the experimental group was asked to feign psychopathology to avoid criminal prosecution of homicide charges (simulator undergraduate students). The findings were compared with two control groups who were asked to reply to the questions honestly (honest undergraduate students and honest psychiatric patients). The results indicated that the SVT-Th were significantly distinguishable in the experimental group (classified as feigned response style) from the control groups (classified as honest response style). The area under the ROC curve showed high accuracy classification. The ROC curve determined the optimal cutoff score, sensitivity and specificity for the SVT-Th.