Parentage of Hydatidiform Moles

We were presented with the STR (short tandem repeat) profiles from two separate paternity trios. Each trio consisted of a mother, an alleged father, and products of conception (POC) that contained a hydatidiform mole but no visible fetus. In both cases , antecedent pregnancies had followed alleged sexual assaults. Mole classification and pathogenesis are described in order to explain the analyses and statistical reasoning used in each case. One mole exhibited several loci with two different paternal alleles, indicating it was a dispermic (heterozygous) mole. Maternal decidua contaminated the POC, preventing the identification of paternal obligate alleles (POAs) at some loci. The other mole exhibited only one paternal allele/locus at all loci and no maternal alleles, indicating it was a diandric and diploid (homozygous) mole. In each case, traditional calculations were used to determine paternity indices (PIs) at loci that exhibited one paternal allele/locus. PIs at mole loci with two different paternal alleles/locus were calculated from formulas first used for child chimeras that are always dispermic. Combined paternity indices in both mole cases strongly supported the paternity of each suspect.     

精斑检验干扰因素的研究

目的研究精斑检验中预试验与确证试验结果的关系,以及取材时间、生活习惯对确证检验结果的干扰。方法取376例阴道拭子,用酸性磷酸酶(ACP)染色法、斑点ELISA法和抗人精PSA金标试纸法检测检测精斑。结果ACP阴性时,可检出P30、精子,性生活后精斑确证检验大部分阳性检出分布在48小时以内样本中,结果经X2检验,P<0.01,差异性显著,而不同的生活习惯对P30检测具有显著性差异。结论研究结果对精斑的检验以及检材的提取具有推广应用和指导性意义。     

Evaluation of the Cozart RapiScan drug test system for opiates and cocaine in oral fluid

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the Cozart^® RapiScan (CRS) drug test system for detecting opiates and cocaine in oral fluid. Oral fluid samples were collected using the Cozart^® RapiScan collection system from 358 donors who were receiving treatment for their addiction and were monitored for drug misuse. A further 103 oral fluid samples were collected from volunteer donors who were not drug users. The samples were analyzed in the laboratory using the two-panel Cozart^® RapiScan cartridge for opiates and cocaine and confirmed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The samples were stored frozen at −20 °C until analysis by GC–MS. The overall accuracy of the CRS for both opiates and cocaine was 100%. Samples spiked at 50% above and below the cut-off consistently gave negative and positive results respectively. A total of 88 samples were positive for various opiates and 111 samples were positive for cocaine and/or its metabolites. The CRS for opiates and cocaine in oral fluid, using a cut-off of 30 ng/mL morphine or benzoylecgonine equivalents in neat oral fluid, had overall efficiencies of 98% and 99%, respectively, versus GC–MS. A series of potential adulterants of oral fluid were evaluated and shown not to alter the outcome of the test result.     

效果规则在美国网络案件管辖权领域的适用

Zippo案所确立的滑动标准在美国网络管辖权实践中得到了广泛依循 ,然许多判例表明 ,美国法院在确定是否应对涉网案件行使管辖权时 ,有偏离滑动标准而采用更为宽泛的以行为后果为基础的效果标准的可能。依此标准 ,法院在确定应否行使管辖权时 ,不再将其注意力集中在对所涉网站自身的特性及其潜在影响的考察上 ,而是集中在所涉网站在管辖区内所产生实际后果的分析上。具体到实践中 ,不同法院在不同类型的案件中对效果规则的适用则有所不同     

加拿大侵权法中的转承责任

加拿大侵权法中,转承责任不是一种独立的责任形式,但却采用严格责任归责,被告与侵权行为人之间必要关系的建立是转承责任的前提。这与英美法和法国法的规定相似,与德国法、日本法和我国台湾地区的规定不同。加拿大侵权法中关于雇主和雇员、本人和代理人等有关转承责任的规定,为我国转承责任归责原则的确立提供了有益的借鉴。     

试论测前谈话中的心理定向问题

定向反射初始化是犯罪心理测试前谈话的心理机制。测前谈话的主要目的就是促成心理定向 ,促进选择性注意的形成 ,即作案人只对相关问题发生反应 ,而无辜者只对准绳问题发生反应。由此建议测前谈话遵循主试介绍、被试自陈、开发准绳、激励测试的规范步骤。     

基于紫外可见反射光谱法对染色头发的初步研究

紫外可见反射光谱法是一种快速无损检验的方法,本文从采样量、样品的固定等方面对染色头发进行紫外可见光谱检验方法进行了初步探索,使用紫外可见光谱仪的积分球附件可以对不同染发剂染色头发进行大致的分类鉴别。     

沥青混合料劈裂试验的扩展有限元法数值模拟

扩展有限元法是近年来迅速发展的一种新型数值方法,为了深入分析沥青混合料在荷载作用下的破损机理,将该方法引入到沥青路面计算,以沥青混合料劈裂试验为例,利用ABAQUS有限元软件,采用双线性内聚力模型模拟劈裂试验裂纹扩展过程,并将数值模拟结果和试验结果进行了比较分析.结果表明数值计算结果和试验结果吻合很好,扩展有限元法应用于沥青路面结构计算分析是可行的,可供工程技术人员参考.     

正交试验法优选芦根中低聚糖及单糖的提取工艺

目的:优选芦根中低聚糖及单糖的提取工艺.方法:采用正交试验法,以提取浸膏中低聚糖及单糖的量为指标进行试验.结果:最佳提取工艺为:用12倍量的800 ml/L乙醇,每次3 h,提取3次.结论:该工艺合理,有效成分提取效率高.     

英美法妨害与德国法不可量物侵害比较与借鉴——兼评《物权法》第89条和第90条

我国《物权法》的两个条文涉及了不可量物侵害制度，但条文过于粗糙，对于不可量物侵害的构成要件和救济方式的规定不够明确和全面，在司法实践中不易操作。本文拟通过介绍美国私人妨害制度和德国不可量物侵害制度对同一问题的解决路径，着重对构成要件和救济方式进行剖析，希望能找到完善我国不可量物侵害的制度设计和方法。