多民族混居村落中的公共空间——以会同高椅村为例

基于空间公共性的研究,村落的公共空间可以分为显性与隐性两种类型。这两种公共空间之间相互关联,相互转换。在不同的环境,这两类公共空间会以不同的方式影响村落的形态演化。本研究以湖南会同高椅村为例,分析多民族混居村落中显性与隐性公共空间的构成与演变,分析了它们与社会人文因素、自然地理条件的相关性,并研究了村落公共空间在民族融合中所起到的作用。     

Using Frons Width to Differentiate Blow Fly Species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Phormia regina (Meigen) and Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau‐Desvoidy)

Protophormia terraenovae (Robineau‐Desvoidy) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Phormia regina (Meigen) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) are morphologically similar blow fly species commonly used for estimating postmortem intervals. Field collection and storage of adults can result in color changes, in particular on calypters and palps; often collected specimens show damage such as wing fray or fungal growth. We measured the frons width: total head width ratio using photographs (ImageJ version 1.49) to differentiate these two species. Both sexes were distinguishable to species, with the greatest difference between males: 12.34% P. terraenovae versus 1.62% P. regina, less so for females: 40.25% P. terraenovae, versus 33.65% P. regina. Incorporating this feature into future blow fly keys would help with distinguishing field‐caught specimens when other features are obstructed.     

受虐待儿童眼底病理变化研究进展

受虐待儿童眼底病理变化研究进展刘鑫，胡红（北京市高级人民法院；北京１０００３９）ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＲＥＳＥＡＲＣＨＯＮＦＵＮＤＵＳＰＡＴＨＯＬＯＧＩＣＣＨＡＮＧＥＳＩＮＣＨＩＬＤＡＢＵＳＥ（ＲＥＶＩＥＷ）￥ＬｉｕＸｉｎ；ＨｕＨｏｎｇ（Ｄｐｅａ...     

签名笔迹的形态学检验探析

签名笔迹的检验字迹数量少,检验难度大,在传统比对特征的种类上深入挖掘、拓展更多的检验手段很有必要。借鉴动用生物学上形态学的观察方法,有助于文检技术的提高和发展。     

原发性脑干损伤出血形态及分布特征分析

目的观察分析原发性脑干损伤出血灶的形态及分布特征,为法医学鉴定提供依据。方法选取34例原发性脑干损伤出血案例,常规制作病理切片,采用HE染色观察出血灶的形态及位置分布特征,并统计两者之间关系。结果原发性脑干损伤出血形态以裂隙样出血多见（61．6％）。出血灶位置分布组间比较显示,不同纤维走行和组织密度交界处、动脉周围、神经根等处以裂隙样出血多见（P〈0．005）;室管膜下主要表现为灶性出血（P〈0．001）;神经核团内出血较少,且裂隙样出血、灶性出血比例较为接近。结论不同纤维走行和组织密度交界处、动脉周围、神经根处的裂隙样出血是原发性脑干损伤的直接依据;神经核团内出血具有重要的法医学价值。     

Quantitative Assessment of the Sternal Rib End Morphology and Implications for Its Application in Aging Human Remains

Intercostal and age differences in the sternal rib end morphology of documented female skeletons from Spitalfields and St. Bride's are examined. The morphology was captured using three‐dimensional morphometrics and the statistical analyses employed included parametric and nonparametric MANOVA, discriminant analysis, and multilinear regressions. It was found that the quantified morphology of the sternal rib end was statistically significantly different between rib four and all other ribs except for the third one and that the morphological characteristics of all ribs varied with age. However, due to the inherent variability in sternal rib end morphology, nonstatistically significant results were obtained among the various age groups and neither disciminant nor multilinear regression analysis could be used for the estimation of the age of an individual based on digitized coordinates of the sternal rib end of individuals of known age, raising some concern as to the rigorousness of the fourth rib aging method.     

咳喘速平颗粒剂对慢性支气管炎大鼠支气管和肺形态学的影响

目的:观察咳喘速平颗粒剂对慢性支气管炎大鼠的气管、肺组织形态学变化的影响.方法:采用气管内注入脂多糖复制大鼠慢性支气管炎模型,分模型组、阳性对照组、咳喘速平(小)组、咳喘速平(大)组.结果:模型组可见支气管上皮大面积坏死、脱落,细支气管管腔扩大,管壁及其周围见大量淋巴细胞浸润,部分肺泡间隔断离呈肺气肿改变.阳性对照组可见支气管上皮细胞少量坏死脱落,管壁与周围淋巴细胞浸润,管腔无明显扩张,肺泡上皮完整,无明显病理改变.咳喘速平(小)组可见支气管上皮细胞片状坏死、脱落,伴上皮细胞灶性增生,管壁增厚伴大量淋巴细胞浸润.咳喘速平(大)组可见支气管上皮细胞基本完好,无明显的坏死和增生,伴少量的淋巴细胞浸润.5组之间支气管黏膜坏死(炎性浸润)存在显著性差异(P<0.01).结论:咳喘速平颗粒剂可减轻大鼠慢性支气管炎的临床表现,形态学检查显示用药后受损的支气管黏膜上皮和肺组织趋向好转,表明咳喘速平颗粒剂对大鼠慢性支气管炎具有较好的治疗作用.     

中国15个少数民族面部形态标志点的差异

通过对15个少数民族3182例（男女各半）成年人的头面部27个标志点进行测量及形态特征观察,以汉族男女成年人的标准为基准,同各受试民族进行研究和比较,结果表明：各民族的面部形态特征、标志点测量值均有程度不同的差异存在。与汉族差异较大的是哈萨克族、维吾尔族和蒙古族。     

Form follows function: Applying photographic content analysis to forensic firearm identification

Drawing forensic conclusions from an image or a video is known as “photographic content analysis.” It involves the analysis of an image, as well as objects, actions, and events depicted in images or video. In recent years, photographic depictions of objects suspected as illegal firearms have substantially increased, appearing on CCTV surveillance footage, captured by mobile phones and shared on social media. However, the law in Israel states that a person can be charged with illegally possessing a firearm only if it can be proven that the object is capable of shooting with lethal bullet energy. This becomes more challenging in cases where the firearm was not physically seized, and the evidence exclusively consists of images and video. In this study, photographic content analysis was applied to images and video where objects suspected as commercial or improvised firearms had been depicted. An image and event sequence reconstruction video databases of both firearms and replicas were created in order to better define firearm-specific functional morphological features. We demonstrate that it is possible to classify an object as a firearm by analyzing the functional, and not only the esthetic, morphology in images and video. It is also shown that event sequence reconstruction in video may be used to infer that an object suspected as a firearm has the capacity to shoot by confirming the occurrence of a shooting act or shooting process. Thus, photographic content analysis may be used to forensically establish that an object depicted in an image or a video is a firearm by ruling out other known scenarios, and without physically seizing it.     

The Impact of Racial Metric Variation in the Os Coxae on the Morphological Assessment of Sex*

Abstract: This study examines whether sex determination based on morphological traits in the os coxae is impacted by racial quantitative variation. Nineteen traits were evaluated independently by two observers in 876 os coxae. Chi‐square test was used on a random sample of 400 individuals to assess whether the distribution of correct sex assessment varied for white and black individuals based on each trait individually and all 19 traits collectively, as well as on inter‐observer agreement in correct sex assessment. Results indicate that accuracy of sex assessment varied between white and black individuals in certain individual traits; however, accuracy was not impacted when all traits were considered together. Furthermore, traits that showed significant variation in correct sex assessment between races generally were not related to size, but instead were “discrete.” Finally, analyses of inter‐observer variation suggest that disparities in sex assessment for some traits may be related to differences in trait interpretation between observers rather than morphological dissimilarities between races.