从“异化”角度解读现代社会风险

当今社会已经进入高风险社会,从马克思主义异化理论的视角来揭示现代风险社会的根源,指出人与科技,人与自然,人与社会,甚至人与其自身的异化,是造成当前社会科技风险、生态风险、信任危机、战争风险等的原因。而要消除异化,走出风险的困境,就必须要以科学发展观为指导,走和谐社会之路。     

歧视知觉对社区矫正对象社会疏离的影响机制研究——基于身份认同整合和社会支持的中介效应

社区矫正对象的社会疏离关乎个体发展和社会稳定，是推进平安中国建设的重 要内容。基于2019年S市社区矫正对象的调查数据，从身份认同整合和社会支持视角，探究歧视知觉对社区矫正对象社会疏离的影响机制。研究发现，歧视知觉对社区矫正对象的社会疏离既存在直接影响，也通过身份认同整合和社会支持两个中介变量产生间接影响。身份认同整合和社会支持在歧视知觉与社会疏离之间起到自我转化和外在保护的作用。因此，在外在歧视无法完全消除之下，为了缓解社区矫正对象的社会疏离，应注重提升个体的自我身份认同整合，增强社区矫正对象的有益支持，从而促进其顺利回归社会。     

Parental alienation (syndrome) in child custody cases: survivors’ experiences and the logic of psychosocial and legal services in Italy

ABSTRACT

Parental alienation (syndrome) is a controversial issue, criticized by experts in different fields. However, this concept is often used by professionals and is frequently cited in courtrooms. This qualitative study focuses on parental alienation and explores women’s experiences as well as legal and social services’ practices in child custody cases. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with separated mothers who were victims of intimate partner violence, and with social workers and psychologists/psychiatrists designated by courts to evaluate parenting skills. Expert reports, psychological assessments and legal documents were also analysed. Results show that professionals endorsed parental alienation and considered it a ‘feminine problem’. Women were often blamed and labeled as ‘engaging in parental alienation’ when they were trying to ensure their children’s safety. Children’s accounts were interpreted as being a result of their mothers’ manipulation. In contrast, fathers were treated as victims of vindictive women who want to keep children to themselves. Men’s violent behaviours were not considered, and their role as fathers was seen as ‘inviolable’. These practices seem to reflect the ‘good-enough father’ approach, according to which the presence of the father is essential for children’s development, regardless of his violent behaviours.     

Symptom Checklist‐90‐Revised Scores in Adult Children Exposed to Alienating Behaviors: An Italian Sample

This study addresses a particular form of child psychological maltreatment, exposing a child to alienating behaviors in the context of a high degree of conflict between the parents. The objective of this research was to identify retrospectively the alienating behaviors that occurred in an Italian sample of children and the reported associated psychosocial symptoms. Seven hundred and thirty‐nine adults in Chieti, Italy, completed an anonymous and confidential survey regarding their childhood exposure to parental alienating behaviors and measures of current symptomatology. About 75% of the sample reported some exposure to parental alienating behaviors; 15% of the sample endorsed the item, “tried to turn me against the other parent.” The results revealed strong and statistically significant associations between reported exposure to parental alienating behaviors and reports of current symptomatology.     

300例心源性猝死案例的法医学鉴定分析

目的探讨心源性猝死案例的病因、诱发因素及法医病理学特点,以期为心源性猝死案件的法医病理诊断提供参考。方法收集法医病理检案中的心源性猝死案例,对其年龄、性别、死亡时间、死因、诱因及场所等流行病学特点进行回顾分析。结果 300例心源性猝死案例中男性多于女性,18~45岁发病最多;病因包括冠心病(129例),心肌病(78例),心肌炎(36例)等;应激为SCD最常见的诱发因素(157例)。结论 1应激和冠心病是心源性猝死的重要危险因素。2心源性猝死的法医学鉴定除了要进行系统的尸检及病理学检查外,还要对死者的相关资料如:基础疾病、诱因、死亡时间、死亡经过等进行全面系统的分析以明确死因。     

实验性大鼠急性心肌缺血的酶组织化学观察

本文报告50只雄性Wistar大鼠结扎左冠状动脉所致早期急性心肌梗死（缺血1～8h的组织化学变化。结果发现：糖原含量在缺血1h、NADHD和LDH活性在缺血2h梗死区明显下降；缺血4h，酶活性下降发展到全部缺血区。CCo.CK及ATP酶活性下降在缺血4h明显，缺8h发展到整个缺血区。非缺血区NADHD、LDH、CK、ATP酶活性能耐受死后自溶的影响达24h以上，具有法医学实践意义。糖元（PAS染色）和PPr在死后早期降解快，非缺血区与缺血区无显著性差异，因此缺乏法医病理学应用意义。     

牛和猪人工感染牛带绦虫的囊尾蚴形态与肝组织的病理变化

将试验动物牛和猪分为 4 组:A组(从江牛带绦虫感染牛组)、B组(从江牛带绦虫感染猪组)、C组(都匀亚洲牛带绦虫感染牛组)及 D组(都匀亚洲牛带绦虫感染猪组)。分别灌喂从江牛带绦虫和都匀亚洲牛带绦虫的孕节,并于感染后第67 d剖检,对牛带绦虫人工感染牛、猪的囊尾蚴形态与肝组织的病理变化进行了观察比较。结果显示,A组、B组、C组囊尾蚴分布在肝,C组囊尾蚴分布在肝、心、肾及四肢肌肉等;A组、B组囊尾蚴外有少量纤维组织包绕,A组囊尾蚴囊壁向囊腔内突出生长,周围有少量嗜酸性粒细胞浸润;B组、D组囊尾蚴发生坏死、钙化,周围有大量嗜酸性粒细胞及中性粒细胞浸润,D组肉芽肿形成,B组、D组均有大量纤维组织增生。     

化学脱色法制备白癜风动物模型

用５％过氧化氢外涂豚鼠脱毛区２０、３０和４０ｄ后，使豚鼠皮肤色素减少，呈苍白或白斑状，ＭＡＯ活性增加，ＣｈＥ活性下降，Ｉｇ含量增高，有模拟白癜风的作用。     

SABC法对伪狂犬病病毒鄂A株在仔猪体内的定位

运用免疫组织化学SABC法对人工感染伪狂犬病病毒的仔猪部分组织进行组织学观察。结果显示,在肺、大脑、小脑、脊髓、脊神经节、淋巴结、扁桃体、胸腺、脾、肝、肾、肾上腺、胃、肠等组织内均发现阳性细胞,尤其在肺、神经组织和淋巴组织内为多,病毒主要侵害上皮细胞、神经细胞和淋巴细胞,主要存在于被感染细胞的胞浆和胞核内,但以胞浆内为主。     

基层法院审判委员会“放权”改革的过程研究——以对某法院法官的访谈为素材

从过程的角度来看,基层法院审判委员会的“放权”是法院内部各层次行动者以最高法院推行的审判委员会改革为契机,在审判委员会自身功能逐渐弱化、其他替代性机制功能逐渐强大的条件下,以法院的组织利益、中间组织的部门利益以及法官的个人利益为中心进行公共选择的结果。这样一种公共选择的逻辑,最终使得审判委员会的“放权”被异化“放权”不但没有减弱反而加强了法院对法官的控制,法官的独立审判在很大程度上演变成了一种“咨询型”审判。