当代法国农业资本主义发展的主要途径和特征

二战结束后,法国通过土地集中和增加资本投入等途径,加速推进农业机械化、专业化、区域化、产业化、合作化、社会化、农民职业化的步伐,在家族化和公司化农业经营的基础上,既保持欧洲大陆地区农业生产的传统特点,又顺应当今世界农业国际化一体化发展的新趋势,走出了一条独具特色的农业现代化道路。     

我国农民向市民转化的适应过程

我国的农民市民化经历了一段曲折的历程,改革开放以后,我国农民市民化逐步走上了健康的发展道路。就我国目前情况来看,农民到市民的转变,要经过一系列的适应性变化过程：第一步是离开农村来到城市,在城市工作生活;第二步是取得城市的户籍,放弃农村的土地,正式定居城市,获得与市民的同等待遇和权利;第三步是真正的融入城市生活,完成了心理文化适应的转变过程,农民才能真正转变为市民。     

Land grabbing,social differentiation,intensified migration and food security in northern Ghana

This paper argues that large-scale land appropriation is displacing subsistence farmers and reworking agrarian social relations in northern Ghana. The recent wave of farmland enclosure has not only resulted in heightened land scarcity, but also fostered a marked social differentiation within farming communities. The dominant form of inequality is an evolving class of landless and near-landless farmers. The majority of households cope with such dynamics by deepening their own self-exploitation in the production process. The fulcrum of this self-exploitation is gendered property rights as part of the conjugal contract, with men exerting a far greater monopoly over land resources than had previously been the case. Due to acute land shortages, women’s rights to use land as wives, mothers and daughters are becoming insecure, as their vegetable plots are being reclassified as male-controlled household fields. The paper further documents the painful choices that landless farmers have to make in order to meet livelihood needs, including highly disciplined, yet low-waged, farm labor work and sharecropping contracts. In these livelihood pathways, there emerge, again, exploitative relations of production, whereby surplus is expropriated from land-dispossessed migrant laborers and concentrated with farm owners. These dynamics produce a ‘simple reproduction squeeze’ for the land-dispossessed. Overall, the paper contributes to the emerging land grabbing literature by showing geographically specific processes of change for large-scale mining operations and gendered differentiated impacts.     

‘If the company belongs to you,how can you be against it?’ Limiting participation and taming dissent in neo-extractivist Bolivia

The contribution identifies the differentiated strategies used by the government and extraction corporations to limit consultation processes and to tame the dissent of local populations affected by hydrocarbon activities. Based on extensive fieldwork in coca-growing peasant and indigenous Guaraní communities in Bolivia, it discusses how the constraints on communities’ opportunities to exercise voice and agency have been effectively justified through a reliance on the country’s neo-extractivist regime. Furthermore, the analysis of recent retrogressive legal reforms reveals that the Bolivian government has definitely abandoned its original promises to establish ‘progressive neo-extractivism’ with regard to indigenous rights and environmental protection.     

State-local sales tax,spillover, and economic activity: examining county governments in the US

The reliance on sales taxation has increased in both states and counties. This study aggregated county-level data and empirically explored the associations between state-local sales taxes and economic activity by industry types in county governments for the period of 1990–2013. The results revealed negative associations of sales tax rates with economic activity, especially in the manufacturing industry. Further, the findings provided the spatial dependence of economic activity across counties as a form of possible spillover. This study suggests that policymakers should pay attention to how the manufacturing and retail industries respond to any changes in sales tax rates for business activity.     

农民工进城就业安居法治环境研究

统筹城乡发展，解决农民工问题是关键。本文通过对农民工进城就业安居情况的调查和研究，分析了农民工进城就业安居中存在的问题，指出了农民工进城就业安居中的各种制度障碍，提出了破解这些制度障碍、构建农民工进城就业安居法治环境的建议，希望对促进农民工进城就业安居和统筹城乡发展的理论研究与实践有所裨益。     

Rondas Campesinas in the Peruvian Civil War: Peasant Self-defence Organisations in Ayacucho

Despite the fact that the Shining Path guerrilla movement in Peru enjoyed initial peasant support, the emergence and spread of rondas campesinas or self-defence committees in the Andean highlands of Ayacucho was principally a response against coercion and violence exerted by Shining Path against the very same peasantry. This article seeks to demonstrate that the ronda phenomenon must be understood as part of the complex changes brought about by the proliferation of violence in the Peruvian Andes. The spread of rondas campesinas cannot be reduced to a mere counterinsurgent strategy imposed by the security forces on the rural communities; communal initiative and peasant 'agency' were, at certain stages, at least as important. Only with the rise to power of Fujimori were the self-defence committees formally incorporated in the state's anti-guerrilla strategy. Subsequently, with the reduction in the level of violence, self-defence committees have been seeking new roles in relation to the challenges of re-civilianisation and reconstruction.     

理性分析新《劳动合同法》实施后的利与弊

新《劳动合同法》实施后的有利因素或积极作用是显而易见的，但也不容忽视其在实施过程中存在的一些弊端。本文主要从保护劳动者和用人单位权益两个方面冷静、客观、理性分析该法实施后的利与弊。     

农民工的政策实践与政策范式新检讨

政策范式是一种关于政府主导的解决社会问题的程序的理论,目前受到多种质疑,有重新审视的必要。因此,本文从农民工参与政策过程的角度进行观察,发现了政策范式存在的问题,并进行了具体分析。     

中国农村社会保障缺失的非经济因素分析

构建社会主义和谐社会,必须促进农村经济社会全面进步,其中农村社会保障制度的完善是其中不可缺失的一部分。而目前,农村社会保障的水平低、覆盖面窄、保障功能不强等问题,已严重制约农民生活质量的提高和农村社会的全面进步。