The Development of Youth Violence: An Old Story with New Data

Youth violence is a major public concern in all modern societies. To prevent this violence, we need to understand how innocent young children grow into violent adolescents. Longitudinal studies of large samples of children from infancy to adulthood indicate that the peak age for physical aggression is between the end of the second and the end of the fourth year after birth. Fortunately, because of their size, physical aggression from two-year-olds does not constitute a major threat to the public in general. It is also providential that most children learn to control these physically dangerous and socially disruptive behaviours before they reach their maximum size. This natural course of development suggests that the preschool years are the best window of opportunity to prevent the development of cases of chronic physical aggression. Safe streets probably start with quality early education. This article is an updated version of an article originally published in the Canadian Journal of Policy Research (ISUMA) (2000), vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 19–24.     

儿童福利院失依儿童多元整合教育模式研究

针对福利院失依儿童应采取多元整合教育的模式,以2-7岁失依儿童为研究对象,可通过评估儿童、拟订教学计划、开展教学、评价教学等四个环节开展适应性教学、游戏性教学和发展性教学,达到将其培养成“健康、文明、社会化全人”的教育目标。这种教育模式适当解决了当前儿童福利院失依儿童早期教育中存在的问题,为探索行之有效的特殊教育模式提供了思路。     

农民工子女家校合作状况的调查研究——以贵阳市四所农民工子女学校学生家庭为例

本文以贵阳市四所农民工子女学校的学生家庭为样本,对农民工子女家校合作的现状及效果进行研究。发现农民工子女家长对家校合作的看法存在误区;其学校与家庭的家校合作形式简单,但在某些方面对农民工子女的教育起着积极的促进作用;此外,家校合作有助于家长和教师的沟通与理解,有助于孩子的健康成长。研究还发现,农民工子女的健康成长也需要得到社会的关注。     

针对儿童家庭暴力的伦理审视

1992年4月1日,《儿童权利公约》对我国生效。同年,我国明确提出＂儿童优先＂原则,并重视保护儿童利益的政府和国家责任。但传统的家庭伦理和家庭自治都认同父母对于子女有适度惩戒权,导致我国针对儿童的家庭暴力非常普遍且合理存在。本文拟从伦理角度对针对儿童的家庭暴力的原因进行分析,探讨解决针对儿童家庭暴力问题的新路径。     

Children's Participation in Family Law Proceedings: A Step Too Far or a Step Too Small?

The Children (Scotland) Act 1995 established children's rights to have their views considered in family law proceedings. These rights go further than elsewhere in the UK: in requiring parents to consult their children when making any ‘major decision’, in creating a range of mechanisms for children to state their views and through facilitating children becoming party to legal proceedings if they are legally competent. Such rights are not without controversy, either in abstract (Is it in children's best interests to be involved in court proceedings? Should children have such rights?) or in practice (Do children and parents know of these rights and accompanying duties? How do legal professionals judge a child's competency?). This paper explores such controversies, using findings from a feasibility study undertaken with children, parents and legal professionals.     

SERVICES FOR CHILDREN OF INCARCERATED PARENTS

“Services for Children of Incarcerated Parents” provides an overview of the history, design and outcomes of human service programs provided for children of prisoners in the United States. The article examines services based in correctional settings and services sited in the community, using examples from the core programs and projects conducted by the Center for Children of Incarcerated Parents from 1990 through 2010. An analysis of the utility of specific services to children and families, and the effectiveness of those services in improving child outcomes is provided.     

重塑心灵:救助中心内流浪儿童的心理干预实践

流浪儿童作为特殊群体,近些年来得到了社会各界的普遍关注。由于流浪儿童自身特殊的心理问题和行为特点,需要中心在救助过程中建立心理干预机制,借助社会力量并运用专业的工作方法帮助流浪儿童改变不良的心理状况,为流浪儿童最终回归家庭、回归社会提供条件。     

A SURVEY OF UNIFIED FAMILY COURTS

The American Bar Association Coordinating Council on Unified Family Courts, with the assistance of Hofstra University's Center for Childre. Family and the Courts, recently conducted a survey of various courts and jurisdictions that either implemented or experimented with a unified family court structure. The purpose of the project was to get a sense of the state of unified family courts with the goal of building more support for the unified family court concept based on demonstrated effectiveness. The findings of the survey have been summarized in this article. The survey, survey data, and list of survey respondents can be found in the article's appendices.     

论体内异质授精子女的身份确认

在传统自然生殖下,法律根据自然联结机制很容易把握亲子身份和亲子关系,然而人工生殖这种不通过男女自然两性结合而产生后代的现代医疗技术手段,对传统的以血缘关系为基础的亲子观念和理论提出了挑战,特别是在异质授精情况下,由于使用的是第三人的精子,该类人工生殖子女身份的认定更加复杂。为了避免因采用特殊规则形成AID子女为特殊子女的不当认识,立法上应力求采用与自然生殖同样的父母认定标准确定人工授精子女的亲子关系,即依据出生事实确定谁是母亲,根据婚生推定及否认制度确定谁是父亲,丈夫的术前同意限制其对子女的婚生否认权的行使。