"严打"政策之思考

20世纪80年代初的“严打”政策是针对严峻的社会治安形势所采取的治乱之策,体现了决策者追求秩序的指导思想,其成效也与当时的环境相契合。“严打”政策作为一项重要的刑事政策,必须遵循刑事政策产生,发展的规律,坚持法治理念,遵循科学民主的决策程序,须有配套的资源保障,实行有效的组织和监控。     

国际视野下的宽严相济刑事政策

近期国际刑事政策的发展趋势是实行轻轻重重的两极化刑事政策.我国宽严相济的刑事政策是在"严"占主角、"宽"为配角的重刑结构下,作为对"严打"方针的反思而提出的,当前是一项刑事司法政策.其内涵虽与两极化刑事政策有差异,但对犯罪采取区别对待的灵活精神与两极化刑事政策相符合.在"严"的重刑结构下,要发挥"宽"这个配角的作用,只能以司法努力,尽可能多地拓展"宽"的空间和份额.应以"量刑"(裁判)这个司法中心环节为基点,向"量刑"(裁判)的前、后两个阶段和领域进行扩展.     

Outcomes for children who care for a parent with a severe illness or substance abuse

Quantitative studies of children’s caring activities during parental illness have increased in the past 10 years. However, the various outcomes for these children have been investigated less frequently. In the present study, we investigate whether the children have different outcomes when the parent has a severe physical illness, mental illness, or substance abuse and whether any factors are associated with the positive and negative outcomes of the children’s caregiving. This was a cross-sectional, multicenter study. We recruited parents who were out- or inpatients in five public hospitals in Norway as well as their children. The sample included 246 children ages 8–18 and 238 of their parents with a severe physical illness, mental illness, or substance abuse. Ten percent reported negative outcomes at a clinical level of concern, and nearly half of the children reported stress. However, the outcomes were not significantly different across parental illness groups. Positive and negative outcomes were associated with the nature of caring activities (e.g., personal care, financial and practical management, household management), social skills, and perceived external locus of control. Health professionals must provide a more comprehensive and overall assessment of both the parents’ and the children’s needs. To recognize the role taken by the child, an assessment of children’s caring activities and their need for adequate information should be performed. In particular, should the children’s need for follow-up regarding caring activities, respite, and emotional support be assessed to secure their necessary skills and feeling of mastery.     

未成年人犯罪成人化现象的思考

未成年人犯罪成人化是未成年人犯罪中较为突出的现象。基于对未成年人犯罪生理上成人化和心理上幼稚化矛盾的认识，建议宜对未成年人犯罪实行轻刑化、非刑罚化和刑罚严厉化并用的政策，并采取建立独立的少年审判机构、建立多种非刑罚性的处罚方式和适当降低最低刑事责任年龄等三项具体措施，以有效治理未成年人犯罪成人化问题。     

论教学质量与教育市场

素质教育是教育思想体系,应试则是教学法中的问题,它们并非水火不容。知识是商品,教改正将教育推向市场,但教育产业又不能完全市场化。就业的市场化,是学校生源、专业设置、培养标准和教学质量的调节器。学校招生无论宽严,考试与毕业都应该＂严出＂。没有＂严出＂就没有教学质量。     

交通行政违法非现场处罚研究

为了保障现代交通的安全、有序和畅通,通过科技手段,根据交通技术监控设备对交通违法行为予以记录,并以此来认定和处罚交通违法,即所谓的“非现场处罚”应运而生。建立“非现场处罚”的“告知制度,”强调“非现场处罚”的“听证程序,”遵守“非现场处罚”的“一事不再罚”原则,从而达到依法规范、促进和完善“非现场处罚”的目的。     

Is PCL-R psychopathy associated with either type or severity of personality disorder?

The extent to which assessment of personality disorders (PDs), and trans-diagnostic measures of PD severity, can capture the variance in psychopathy measured by the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) was examined in 100 forensic patients with a history of violent offending. Correlational and linear regression analyses were carried out to establish whether (i) combinations of PDs would predict PCL-R scores for each of its two factors, interpersonal–affective (F1) and antisocial deviance (F2); (ii) ‘acting out’, a putative measure of externalising maladjustment that transcends PD categories, would predict PCL-R scores. Results showed that narcissistic and avoidant PDs contributed significantly to the prediction of F1, but only antisocial PD contributed to the prediction of F2. ‘Acting out’ predicted both F1 and F2, suggesting that core features of PCL-R psychopathy are embedded within and across different PD diagnoses. Results are discussed in relation to different sub-types of psychopathy described in the literature.     

片面共犯根据论

片面共犯是共同犯罪的特殊形态 ;法益侵害是片面共犯的本质 ,将片面共犯视为共同犯罪是实现刑法机能的需要 ,有利于维护社会秩序 ;片面合意是共同故意的最低标准 ,将单向意思联络解释为共同故意 ,没有超出“共同犯罪”法律文义的“射程” ,从实质上贯彻了罪刑法定的要求 ;片面共犯符合诉讼效益原则。     

法家重刑思想的逻辑分析

法家有其独特的重刑思想的逻辑。以“民性”、“民情”为法家重刑理论的归宿,基于人性发展起“以刑去刑”的理论,着眼于轻罪重刑。法家总是把“富国”放在首要地位,否定了“富民”、“足民”的意义,只是单纯使用重刑。法家讲求“胜民”、“制民”、“弱民”,高度发达了告奸理论。法家重刑的出发点和最后归宿,都被说成是善良的,是基于“爱民”、“亲民”而达到“利民”的。法家的重刑思想到秦灭亡前夕,得到了淋漓尽致的表现,致使其二世而亡。     

落实出版“走出去”战略浅议

出版“走出去”战略是中华文化“走出去”战略的重要组成部分。目前,我国出版物走出国门的比例很小,使中华文化在世界上的影响力相对较弱,需要从多方面入手,落实出版“走出去”战略,把我国出版物推向国际市场,推动我国文化的对外传播。