海牙-维斯比规则的一年诉讼时效是否适用无单放货

从海牙/海牙-维斯比规则的强制法律效力入手,通过对规则第三条第6款"一年诉讼时效"含义的解读,结合英国、美国、澳大利亚及中国香港无单放货的相关判例,探讨规则强制法律效力的终止时间,以及第三条第6款的不足之处,冀对新近联合国国际贸易法委员会和国际海商法协会共同制定的《运输法草案》(或称《鹿特丹规则》(草案))有所裨益。     

毒害艾美球虫二次感染雏鸡外周血液免疫功能的变化

将180只14日龄雏鸡随机分为毒害艾美球虫(Eimeria necatrix)初次感染组、二次感染组和对照组,应用免疫SPA菌体花环、间接ELISA及细胞培养技术和四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)测定法对相关免疫学指标进行了检测,以研究毒害艾美球虫二次感染对雏鸡外周血液免疫功能变化的影响。结果显示,毒害艾美球虫二次感染雏鸡外周血液T、B淋巴细胞数量及其对ConA或PMA的增殖反应和血清IgG、IgM、IgA免疫球蛋白含量均不同程度地高于未感染毒害艾美球虫的对照组雏鸡。证实毒害艾美球虫二次感染雏鸡外周血液的细胞免疫和体液免疫功能均明显提高。     

NF—κB与神经系统损害的研究进展

神经系统损害在法医学鉴定实践中较为常见，同时也是法医学鉴定的难点之一。近年来，国内外学者试图通过核转录因子-κB（nuclearfactor-kappa B，NF—κB）的激活情况来为神经系统损害程度的法医学鉴定提供客观依据．并研究在神经系统损伤后NF—κB表达的时间变化规律，为法医学损伤时间推断提供新的客观指标。本文综述了脑缺血、脑外伤、阿尔茨海默病、肌萎缩侧索硬化病等一系列神经系统损害与NF—κB激活的关系、研究进展以及尚需解决的问题。     

Guilty by Association? The Case of The Karin B Scare

The waste disposal industry is susceptible to bad publicity owing to the nature of the products it is sometimes required to process. At particular risk are companies which treat and dispose of hazardous substances. In this paper we test whether media concerns about public safety arising from the international transfer of hazardous wastes can have a negative impact on the stockmarket valuation of firms and of the waste disposal industry as a whole, even when the affected companies have not themselves broken the law.     

外汇核销和提单权利

外汇核销是我国对出口单位实行的一项外汇管理制度,出口企业已进行外汇核销,能否作为认定已收到贸易货款的依据?即使已收到贸易货款,但仍持有正本提单,能否向承运人主张提单项下的货物权利?法院将提单项下的货物不能交付赔偿,与侵权责任中的赔偿概念相混淆,导致了货物所有权的主张必须是以损失为前提的错误法律观点。     

无单放货的法律适用

在将无单放货定性为违约行为的前提下,以我国的国际私法规则为基础,论述了无单放货纠纷的法律适用问题:无单放货纠纷首先应适用提单准据法,在提单准据法不能规范无单放货行为时,应根据最密切联系原则确定无单放货地的法律作为无单放货纠纷的准据法。同时也分析了外国的直接适用的法、无单放货地公法适用的可能性,并指出根据中国立法,不存在根据场所支配行为而确定无单放货行为适用行为地法的可能。     

The Justiciability of Resource Allocation

A perennial problem in public law is how courts ought to deal with legal challenges to the allocation of public resources. This article explains and renders more coherent the varied approaches of English courts to the justiciability of resource allocation disputes in administrative and tort law. It draws a distinction between 'discretionary allocative decision-making' and 'allocative impact.' The non-justiciability doctrine in R v Cambridge Health Authority , ex p B is concerned with the former only. By contrast, allocative impact is a justiciable matter, but can still ultimately defeat a claim. This distinction, however, does not guide judicial approaches under the Human Rights Act 1998, where courts have chosen mostly to eschew the non-justiciability doctrine in favour of more flexibly applied notions of judicial deference. Thus while the non-justiciability doctrine has a relatively narrow scope in administrative and tort law, it has nearly disappeared under human rights law.     

试论《二年律令》中爵位继承制度的几个问题

汉代<二年律令>规定的爵位继承制度,根据不同情况实行的是一种等级继承、爵加一级和降级继承的原则.为维护高爵者的利益,又使社会保持应有的内在活力,它还对"爵后"以外的诸子规定了一些补偿措施.爵制实质上代表着一种社会秩序,能够对国家政权起到一种社会主流力量的支持和凝聚民心的作用,国家对爵位继承制定严密的规章制度,是巩固国家政权的重要手段之一.     

肺气虚证大鼠血液流变性指标与内皮素、血栓素水平的相关性研究

目的 :探讨肺气虚证大鼠的血液流变性变化与内皮素 (ET)、血栓素 (TXB2 )变化的相关性。方法 :将 6 0只大鼠随机分为模型组与对照组 ,复制肺气虚证模型 ,分别检测血液流变性指标和ET、TXB2 水平。结果 :模型组与对照组比较 ,全血黏度 (高切、低切 )、血浆黏度、红细胞比容、红细胞聚集指数及纤维蛋白原均升高 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1或P <0 .0 5 ) ;模型组ET和TXB2 明显升高 ,与对照组相比 ,差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。模型组全血黏度与ET、TXB2 呈正相关 (r =0 .95 7,P <0 .0 5 ;r =0 .992 ,P <0 .0 1)。结论 :肺气虚大鼠存在“血瘀”现象 ,且血浆中的ET、TXB2 含量随肺气虚证逐渐加重而呈上升趋势。     

Genotypic Polymorphisms of Hepatitis B Virus Provide Useful Information for Estimating Geographical Origin or Place of Long‐term Residence of Unidentified Cadavers

Increasing numbers of unidentified cadavers are a major problem. We have developed a new method for providing identification information that can determine the geographical origin or place of long‐term residence of unidentified cadavers based on genotypic polymorphisms of hepatitis B virus (HBV) known to correlate with their geographical distribution. PCR of serum samples detected HBV DNA from 4 (3.9%) of 102 randomly selected Japanese forensic cadavers. Multiplex PCR did not detect multiple HBV genotypes from any single cadaver, confirming the absence of coinfection. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on a 485‐bp mutant region of the HBV S gene successfully classified the HBV genotypes into A to J. Among 10 HBV‐infected cadavers, 8 had genotype Ce/C2, a genotype prevalent in East Asia, and 2 had genotype Bj/B1, a Japanese‐specific genotype. HBV genotypic polymorphisms correlate with the geographical distribution of the virus and thus provide important information for identifying unidentified cadavers infected with HBV.