An empirical investigation of determinants of corporate social performance using multi-dimensional panel data analysis

An assessment of the determinants of corporate social performance (CSP) in emerging economies is still too fractured. This article contributes to general management literature by developing an empirical model based on the existing theoretical models rooted in neo-institutional theory (legitimacy approach), stakeholders management theory, agency theory, the resource-based view of the firm, slack resources argument, and managerial control theory. A robust, multidimensional, unweighted disclosure index was used to measure CSP. This article provides a methodologically and empirically more rigorous assessment of determinants of CSP compared to previous studies by performing panel data regression analysis on 307 firms for 10 years. The results reveal that the presence of a legal framework, board attributes (board size, board diversity, board interlocking), women on board, ownership pattern, financial performance, firm attributes (size, age, leverage), and industry characteristics affect CSP significantly. These findings provide very important clues to design pragmatic strategies to improve CSP.     

"Ripple Effects" in Youth Peacebuilding and Exchange Programs: Measuring Impacts Beyond Direct Participants

A number of organizations have a mission of encouraging peace throughout the world by enhancing young people's knowledge and understanding of other countries and cultures. One strategy used to further this mission is international or intercultural exchange programs. Most evaluations of exchange programs gather data only from the direct participants who traveled to another country. But these programs have the potential to have impacts that expand beyond the direct participants—or "ripple effects." Thus, a more appropriate methodology to evaluate exchange programs is "360-degree feedback," which gathers data from multiple sources. This study uses 360-degree feedback to evaluate a youth peacebuilding and exchange program by gathering data not only from the exchange students but also from chaperones, host families, and students and teachers in the host school. ANOVA analyses finds that the program had positive impacts on the exchange students and, in many cases, even greater ripple effects on indirect participants.     

Do Role-Playing Simulations Generate Measurable and Meaningful Outcomes? A Simulation's Effect on Exam Scores and Teaching Evaluations

Role-playing simulations are frequently claimed to be effective pedagogical tools in the teaching of international relations (IR); however, there is a surprising lack of empirical evidence on their classroom utility. The assessment of simulations remains mostly anecdotal, and some recent research has found little to no statistically significant improvements in quantitative measures of academic performance among students who participated in them [for example, International Studies Perspectives (2006), vol. 7, pp. 395; International Studies Perspectives (2008), vol. 9, pp. 75–89]. Scant research has been conducted on how role-playing simulations might affect students' perceptions of the instructor's teaching. This paper investigates whether a simulation had statistically significant effect on students' exam scores in an IR course or on student teaching evaluation scores.     

细菌素在动物疾病防治中的作用和机理研究进展

从细菌素的性质、生产与制备、在动物疾病防治中的作用、抑(杀)菌机理及安全性评价等方面概述了此类由细菌分泌的高效抗菌蛋白类物质的研究进展。认为,细菌素不仅在体外对各种致病菌具有较强的抑杀作用,而且经口服能显著抑制动物胃肠道内的有害菌,腹腔或静脉注射后可防治动物全身性细菌感染,无任何毒害作用,是一类可用于动物疾病防治的理想的抗生素替代品。     

论价值评价及其标准

价值评价是价值哲学的重要内容.价值评价作为一种特殊的认识活动,是评价主体将客体的属性纳入自己的头脑并运用主体的目的、需要和本质力量加以分析和改造的活动.它与一般的认知活动在对象、规则和目的上都存在着本质的差异.价值评价由于有主体的创造性、知识、情感和意志的参与,故其具有明显的主体性特征,同时,它也受着价值事实、主体需要和社会实践等客观性因素的制约.在价值评价过程中,评价的标准是合目的性和合规律性的有机结合,这两者统一的基础是实践,实践是价值评价的最高标准.     

认罪认罚从宽制度的体系性反思与建构

虽然认罪认罚从宽制度是在我国《刑事诉讼法》中得以正式确立的,但《刑事诉讼法》中涉及此制度的具体规定又都是操作层面的。据此,认罪认罚从宽制度的合理性并不能得以阐释。而依据我国《刑法》,对认罪认罚从宽制度的合理性则可以从形式逻辑、实质逻辑以及价值理念三个维度予以充分证成。由此可知,认罪认罚从宽制度本质上系《刑法》中的一种刑罚裁量制度,认罪认罚本质上是法定的从宽量刑情节。在定罪层面,犯罪嫌疑人、被告人只需自愿承认不法事实系其所为,即构成"认罪",而无需准确评价自身行为的法律性质并准确识别具体罪名;在量刑层面,"认罚"考察的重点是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的悔罪态度和悔罪表现。应当通过刑法立法的方式将认罪认罚从宽制度与自首制度、坦白制度部分重叠地整合在一起,以避免"概念混同""重复评价"的错误倾向。     

发光细菌在法医毒物检测中的应用

目的利用发光细菌-青海弧菌Q67对于法医毒物的敏感性,建立一种案发现场快速检测法医毒物的发光细菌检测方法。方法制备冷冻干燥青海弧菌Q67测试液,将法医毒物检材的不同浓度稀释液加入制备好的青海弧菌Q67测试液中,通过检测青海弧菌Q67反应前后的相对发光强度的变化,计算出样本对青海弧菌Q67相对发光强度的变化率或抑制率,对法医毒物检材的毒性进行生物影响的定性评价。结果通过对包含多种农药混合物的法医检材稀释液的测试,发现发光细菌检测结果呈阳性的4个检材对青海弧菌Q67的发光强度抑制率分别为：100.00%,90.41%,84.26%,88.81%。结论通过对包含多种农药混合物的法医检材的测试表明,青海弧菌Q67发光检测方法对法医毒物的毒性的检测是一种快速、灵敏的现场检测方法。     

行政诉讼证明标准研究

目前学界尚未在行政诉讼证明标准的概念问题上达成共识。对于行政诉讼证明标准内涵的界定,应该从证明标准与法律真实、自由心证和证明责任的关系入手。本文通过比较两大法系行政诉讼证明标准的特点及赖以存在的正当性基础,在坚持法律真实、自由心证和正当程序理念的基础上,提出在区分一般情况和特殊情况的前提下,重构我国行政诉讼证明标准体系的建议。     

违约责任与风险负担

风险负担与违约责任是共同处理标的物毁损灭失案型的两项不同制度。在我国违约责任的归责原则实现了由过错责任向严格责任转化的情况下,风险负担制度的内涵与适用范围应作相应的调整。违约之际风险负担的处理涉及到这两项制度的协调与配合的复杂关系。在履行迟延期间标的物毁灭时,原则上应使违约方当事人承担风险。对质的不完全履行之际的风险负担问题,国际公约、各国或各地区立法不一,对我国现行法律进行体系解释可知,当买受人拒绝接受标的物或者解除合同的,由出卖人承担风险,否则则由买受人承担风险,不过,买受人仍享有违约救济权。在违约之际的风险负担问题上,我国现行法律还存在若干漏洞,应予填补。     

头孢噻呋钠-壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及相关性质的研究

为了延长头孢噻呋钠的作用时间,采用离子交联法制备头孢噻呋钠-壳聚糖纳米粒,研究其形态、粒径、载药量、包封率和体外释药特性。结果显示,经优化工艺所得的纳米粒形态规整,近圆形,平均粒径为179.4±39.5nm,平均包封率为84.31%±2.53%,平均载药量为6.69%±0.18%。体外释放试验表明,原料药在放入释放介质后第4小时释放率达到90%以上,而纳米粒在此时药物仅释放60%。结果表明,该纳米粒制备工艺可行,对头孢噻呋钠具有明显的缓释效果。