婚内强奸行为的刑法分析

婚内强奸现象由来已久,近来几起案件的不同判决引起了社会关注,遂成为理论热点。从传统意义上看,婚内强奸似符合犯罪构成的“四要件说”,当构成强奸罪。不过,鉴于婚内强奸与一般强奸行为的差异,对婚内强奸行为的认定不应草率以构成要件而论。在现行刑法的分析基础上,充分考虑婚内强奸行为所涉及的具体问题和各方面影响,不宜将该行为认定为强奸罪,也无需修改刑法另设新罪,完全可以在既有罪名体系之下,以虐待或故意伤害视之。     

中国船员涉外人身伤亡救济模式研究

近年来多发的船员涉外人身伤亡案件体现了船员权益保护问题的紧迫性。船员涉外人身伤亡主要分为地点涉外和主体涉外两种,均可以船员国籍和船舶国籍为连接点适用中国法。目前我国调整船员劳动和劳务关系的条文散见于多部法律法规和司法解释,本文以最新船员法规、劳动法规、社会保险法规和2006海事劳工公约为依据,清理诸法头绪,结合海员外派制度,分析得出中国船员涉外人身伤亡主要有工伤保险、保赔保险、商业保险及损害赔偿诉讼四种救济模式,并详细研究各种模式的利弊。     

我国土地征收补偿和失地农民保护

我国现行土地征收补偿制度不完善,存在征收补偿标准过低、补偿费用计算不科学、对失地农民的安置补助途径单一等问题,从而导致失地农民处于劣势,其合法权益易受侵害。解决问题的根本出路在于：提高征地补偿标准,采取多元化安置。     

Does social capital increase public support for economic globalisation?

The dominant explanation of public attitudes vis‐à‐vis economic globalisation focuses on re‐distributional implications, with an emphasis on factor endowments and government‐sponsored safety nets (the compensation hypothesis). The empirical implication of these theoretical arguments is that in advanced economies, on which this article focuses, individuals endowed with less human and financial capital will be more likely to experience income losses. Hence they will oppose economic openness unless they are compensated by the government. It is argued here that including social capital in the analysis can fill two gaps in explanations relying on factor endowments and the compensation hypothesis. First, generalised trust – one key aspect of social capital – constitutes a personal endowment alongside human and financial capital. Second, structural social capital – another key aspect of social capital – can be regarded as a nongovernmental social safety net that can compensate for endowment‐related disadvantages of individuals. Both aspects of social capital are expected to contribute, for distinct reasons, to more positive views on economic openness. The empirical testing relies on survey data for two countries: Switzerland and the United States. For both countries, the results indicate that generalised trust has a strong, positive effect on public opinion of economic globalisation, whereas structural social capital has no effect.     

《国家赔偿法》第19条免赔事由的理解与适用

《国家赔偿法》第19条规定的“情节显著轻微危害不大、不认为是犯罪”的免责事由,含义是行为人实施了一定违法行为被刑事立案,但经过侦查、审查起诉直至审判阶段,最终未被判决有罪的,对于因刑事追诉需要而予以先行羁押的.检察机关作为赔偿义务机关办理国家赔偿案,有权对公安机关的撤案理由做实质审查,而不应简单以其载明理由作为赔偿与否的依据.     

美国刑法共谋者替代责任规则之演进述评

共谋者是否对共同共谋者实行的实体犯罪承担替代责任,美国刑法以平克顿案为分水岭,经历否定论→基本肯定论→实质限定论的演变历程。类型弱化标准是可合理预见性标准的重述,可能无法确保对平克顿规则的严格限制。事实弱化标准或超出轻微参与标准,更有利于限制共谋者替代责任的适用范围,将轻微参与共谋而与实体犯罪的实行存在弱化关系的共谋者排除在替代责任的适用范围之外。事实弱化或超出轻微参与标准,对我国处理类似案件具有借鉴意义。     

Further investigations into the speed of cerebral swelling following blunt cranial trauma

An anesthetized sheep model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been developed to assess early changes in intracranial pressure (ICP) following closed head injury. Immediately after TBI, a transient (<10 min) hypertensive response occurred, followed by significant and prolonged systemic hypotension. ICP demonstrated a biphasic response, being seven times baseline values of 8 ± 2 mm Hg 10 min after injury, decreasing to 25 ± 2 mm Hg by 30 min, and then increasing to values exceeding 30 mm Hg by 4 h postinjury. ICP was always significantly higher than baseline values, which combined with hypotension, reduced cerebral perfusion pressure to less than 60% of normal. This early and sustained increase in ICP after craniocerebral trauma acutely alters cerebral perfusion pressure and brain oxygenation and provides a potential pathophysiological explanation for immediate clinical manifestations in humans following significant TBI.     

无电流斑电击伤的研究进展

无电流斑电击伤的鉴定是法医学中的难点之一,由于缺少明显的体表痕迹,此类案件的鉴定难度较大。国内外学者采用光镜、电镜、原子吸收光谱等仪器,利用组织化学等方法,对无电流斑电击伤进行了大量的研究,笔者在此将相关研究成果进行综述,希望能够为此类案件的鉴定提供一定的依据。     

论违约金的性质——以《合同法》第114条为视角

我国《合同法》第114条约定违约金的性质得由当事人自由约定。对违约金的性质没有约定或者约定不明确的,当事人可以通过补充协议的方式来约定或者明确违约金的性质。不能达成补充协议,应当通过补充性解释来确定违约金的性质。以上方法依次用尽,仍不能确定约定违约金的性质的,应当认定约定违约金的性质是赔偿性为主、惩罚性为辅。《合同法》第114条第3款是赔偿性违约金,不是惩罚性违约金。《合同法》第114条第1款“约定因违约产生的损失赔偿额的计算方法”得出的损害赔偿额是赔偿性违约金。     

A proposed dissection procedure for vertebral arteries in forensic pathology

Vertebral artery removing constitutes a significant forensic pathology challenge. Dissection techniques during head-neck autopsy are based on anterior approach, a difficult method, which is unable to assess the transverse part of the artery. This work presents an original and simple method for dissecting vertebral arteries by a posterior approach, opening the vertebroarterial canal through the spinal canal without any special equipment. Once the spinal cord is removed, the transversarium foramens are opened by an internal cut at the pedicle and an external cut at the transverse process. This enables us to visualize vertebral arteries in its entirety. The method improves both the examination of the upper extracranial segment of the vertebral artery and the neuropathological study when arterial injury is suspected. Applying this method routinely is both feasible and useful in suspected cases of vertebral artery trauma and could contribute to assess more precisely the actual incidence of this injury.