德性的复归与出路——麦金太尔德性视域中的亚里士多德

在希腊时代各种冲突的德性观念中,亚里士多德的德性观始终据于中心地位。然而,自启蒙运动以来,由于亚里士多德的德性传统被摒弃,德性已经退居边缘地带。为寻求摆脱道德困境的出路,麦金太尔在追溯以亚里士多德为中心的德性传统的同时,提出了他自己的现代德性论。而麦金太尔的德性论亦是对亚里士多德德性传统的复归和充实。本文旨在通过对亚里士多德德性传统和麦金太尔的德性理论的分析,厘定德性的概念,对西方德性伦理进行有益的梳理。     

边沁功利主义的难题：个人与社会之间

本文以《道德与立法原理导论》这样一部经典著作的分析理路为线索,讨论了边沁功利主义的两重面向：个人与社会。在考察了国内诸多学者的相关观点的基础上,着重梳理了以下三个重要问题：两者之间的“始源问题”、“和谐问题”和“个人行动的指引问题”,并在此基础上提出了我们的观点。     

个人信息侵权行为现状及保护措施研析

近年来,人们在享受科技发展与网络信息技术普及带来的便利的同时,也正经历着个人信息侵权的困扰。个人信息侵权行为具有侵害手段的技术性、侵害方式的隐蔽性、侵害领域的无地域性、侵害后果的严重性的特点,而相对于个人信息侵权行为,个人信息保护的立法却相对滞后,个人信息的界定狭窄,个人信息的法律保护无系统、比较零散,法律保护范围比较狭窄,而且保护手段比较单一,因此,必须完善个人信息侵权行为的保护,加快个人信息保护的立法进程和行业自律建设。     

司法人员徇私枉法犯罪的特点、成因及对策分析

司法人员作为国家机器的重要组成部分,其素质如何直接关系到我国的政局稳定和社会主义和谐社会的建设进程,特别是近年来司法人员徇私枉法犯罪有上升趋势,因此,针对个别司法人员的徇私枉法犯罪情况,进行实事求是的剖析,从中找出特点和成因,并有针对性地提出对策,显得非常必要。本文通过对司法人员徇私枉法犯罪的特点、成因及遏制司法人员徇私枉法犯罪的对策进行分析,论述了司法人员徇私枉法犯罪的防范机制。从而有效防止司法人员徇私枉法犯罪的发生。     

数据主体的“弱同意”及其规范结构

数据主体同意关乎数据保护强度与数据利用效率,对个人信息保护具有重要意义。我国《网络安全法》规定的同意原则属于强控制模式,因赋予数据主体绝对化的信息自决权而导致信息流通效率降低与数据利用价值减损。在数据控制与数据利用的张力间建立“弱同意”的概念体系与规范结构,可以通过同意体系地位的降低与规范结构的削弱,对信息自决权产生相当程度的限制,有效解决此问题。“弱同意”的规范结构为“情境合理+拟制同意=合法处理”,其中拟制同意化解了“强同意”因僵硬适用和过高标准所带来的有效性困境,情境合理测试则充分吸收了场景理念和风险认知,使同意架构从封闭走向开放,由此个人数据保护从一刀切的权利分割迈向了激励相容的合作治理。     

An Assessment of How Facial Mimicry Can Change Facial Morphology: Implications for Identification

The assessment of facial mimicry is important in forensic anthropology; in addition, the application of modern 3D image acquisition systems may help for the analysis of facial surfaces. This study aimed at exposing a novel method for comparing 3D profiles in different facial expressions. Ten male adults, aged between 30 and 40 years, underwent acquisitions by stereophotogrammetry (VECTRA‐3D ^® ) with different expressions (neutral, happy, sad, angry, surprised). The acquisition of each individual was then superimposed on the neutral one according to nine landmarks, and the root mean square (RMS) value between the two expressions was calculated. The highest difference in comparison with the neutral standard was shown by the happy expression (RMS 4.11 mm), followed by the surprised (RMS 2.74 mm), sad (RMS 1.3 mm), and angry ones (RMS 1.21 mm). This pilot study shows that the 3D–3D superimposition may provide reliable results concerning facial alteration due to mimicry.     

Dr. Death? Professionalism,Virtue, and U.S. Physician Participation in the Death Penalty

In the United States at present, the death penalty is a possible sentence in 31 out of 50 states, as well as within the military and for federal cases. In the U.S., numbers of executions are declining, in part due to moratoriums in place and challenges to execution by lethal injection. Participation by physicians in lethal injection executions has been steadfastly viewed by professional medical organizations as contrary to their ethical standards. However, physicians have participated in lethal injection executions, and the morality of the death penalty itself is a matter of intense social and political debate. Medical ethics commentators and professional organizations have typically held that the prohibition on physician participation in the death penalty is independent of the ethical status of the death penalty itself. This article argues that this view is untenable, and that it is tied to a view of professional role virtue that is similarly untenable. At the same time, it argues that, given the morally uncertain status of the death penalty, it is plausible that virtuous physicians may either refuse or choose to participate in some aspects of the death penalty.     

挂名股东的股东资格认定之探讨

股东资格取得制度在司法实践中存在颇多争议,但并未引起公司法学界的关注,这方面的论述是少之又少。通过公司瑕疵设立行为是否导致设立无效,当事人私下协议与工商登记的效力位阶,挂名股东资格应否肯定等问题的分析,得出处理股东资格纠纷的一般原理,并提出具体处理办法。     

日本的隐私权保障机制研究

隐私权是公民重要的权利,尤其是在现代社会,随着信息化的不断推进,公民隐私权遭到侵害的威胁更加突出,如何加强隐私权的保障也成为各国关注的课题。而本文立足于日本关于隐私权保障的有关判例以及关于个人信息保护的立法状况,对日本隐私权保障机制作了简要的介绍,并对我国隐私权保障的问题等作了简要的探讨。     

北京市保险个人代理人状况调查报告

保险个人代理人与所为之推销产品的保险公司之间既是代理与被代理的劳务关系,又是存在着业务关系.作为一个为数众多的特殊劳动群体,他们的工作、生活状况以及权益保护的问题是我们工会长期关注并应下力量研究解决的问题.