浅谈"明礼诚信"

明礼诚信是公民应遵循的行为准则,是社会主义精神文明建设的重要内容."礼"作为一个古老的规范,其传统含义和现代含义不尽相同.一般说来,"明礼"是人的外在行为表现,"诚信"是人的内心状态.中西方的诚信观念存在着很大的差异.诚信已成为社会主义市场经济的迫切需要.     

‘A Fair Day’s Wage for a Fair Day’s Work’? Exploring the connection between the parliamentary work of MPs and their electoral support

Electoral systems across Europe increasingly invite candidates to build up a personal reputation to earn votes. In this article, we investigate whether parliamentary work can be considered as a personal vote-earning attribute for incumbent MPs based on data of the 2014 elections in Belgium. The results show that when parliamentary work is operationalised in a narrow way (i.e. as the number of bills and the number of oral and written questions of an MP), this has no influence on the amount of preferential votes. When parliamentary work is defined in a broader way (i.e. also including other aspects of the legislative and control function of MPs), parliamentary work has a significant positive effect for MPs from opposition parties. This supports the claim that the number of legislative and control activities is not sufficient to measure the impact of parliamentary work on preferential votes, but that also other aspects of the work should be taken into account.     

Searching for Kin Amidst Tragedy—Disaster Victim Identification Operations for US Bangla Flight 211

The nature of air disasters includes factors that exacerbate challenges in the identification process. Of the 49 deceased in the US Bangla air crash in Kathmandu, Nepal, four were intact, 11 presented with burn injuries, another 11 presented with partial charring, and 23 were completely charred. Personal belongings were useful in the identification phases for all types of victims. Fingerprints were obtainable and useful in intact victims and victims with less severe burn injuries; medical and surgical information was useful in bodies with burn injuries; finally, dental findings were useful in cases of extensive charring. Other useful methods in the process included marks of identification, physical features, and exclusion. In certain resource‐limited settings, especially in closed population disasters, where scientific identification (DNA, dental records, etc.) is not currently available, personal belongings, clothing, and physical findings analyzed by an identification team using a structured organization may be cautiously used as the primary means of identification.     

智能信息系统的隐私保护问题研究

智能信息系统是运用人工智能技术的信息系统,可以对信息进行智能分析,实现信息挖掘,从而提升信息的价值。智能信息系统面临的主要挑战在于如何能够在使用个人数据的同时,确保个人身份信息和个人隐私得到保护。智能信息系统隐私权保护是一项系统工程。国家和政府应当在保护个人信息方面更加积极有力。司法机关在保障公民隐私权方面扮演着平衡各方利益的角色。保护公民隐私权,应当强化技术创新。互联网企业应承担起个人数据保护的主体责任,加强自我约束。社会组织收集个人信息不能超过必要的限度与合目的性。个人隐私权遭受侵犯时应积极主动地运用法律捍卫自己的合法权益。