审查逮捕环节证据的审查与运用

在审查逮捕阶段的证据收集运用中,共存在十种不良倾向.为克服这些问题,从整体上讲,应当坚持证据审查的原则;从具体上讲,应当善于运用证据的审查方法.在多年司法实践的基础上,共归纳了八种行之有效的方法.     

固相萃取-GC/MS法检测生物检材中的百草枯

目的采用固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱分析方法检测血液、尿液和脏器组织中的百草枯。方法人血液、尿液和猪肺组织样品经三氯乙酸去除蛋白后,取上清用十二烷基三甲基溴化铵和十二烷基硫酸钠处理过的C18小柱提取,提取物用硼氢化钠在碱性条件下还原,产物用气相色谱/质谱法分析,外标法定量。结果生物检材中百草枯回收率为78%～87%,最低检出限为0.1μg/mL,在0.5～1mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,可对实际案例检材进行定量检测。结论本文固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱分析方法能满足中毒生物检材检验及临床毒物检验需要。     

Contribution of thermal desorption and liquid-liquid extraction for identification and profiling of impurities in methamphetamine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Impurity profiling of methamphetamine (MA) using thermal desorption (TD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was examined. Using TD/GC-MS, impurities were extracted and separated under various conditions. Optimal chromatograms were obtained when a 20 mg MA sample was extracted at 120 degrees C for 3 min using a TD instrument, followed by separation of the extracts using a non-polar capillary column coated with (5%phenyl)-methylpolysiloxane. MA samples from nine different batches were analyzed under optimized conditions. Compounds related to the structure of MA, such as benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, amphetamine, cis- and trans-1,2-dimethyl-3-phenylaziridine, dimethylamphetamine, and N-acetylephedrine, were detected in the chromatograms without any laborious extraction procedure. Compounds such as ethanol, diethyl ether, and acetic acid, which are considered reagents and solvents for MA synthesis, were also detected in some of the chromatograms. The numbers and intensities of the peaks detected were different among the samples. Impurity profiling of MA using TD was compared with that using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Better reproducibility of peak areas was obtained using LLE, whereas higher intensities and numbers of peaks were detected using TD. Solvents were extracted more effectively using TD. The nine batches of MA were classified using both extraction procedures. The nine batches were divided roughly into two groups using data from LLE. Subsequently, the groups were classified in detail using data from TD. TD can be used to provide supplemental information for LLE, and the combination of these extraction methods can be helpful for impurity profiling of MA.     

刑法“过滤式”教学法研究——寓能力培养于课堂之上

刑法“过滤式”教学法以基本知识讲授为基础、案例讨论为纽带、理论探讨为进路、专题讲座为深化，层层过滤，在满足公安院校职业教育特点的同时，循序渐进地提高学生的刑事执法实战能力。它不单纯是教师在讲课时运用的一种授课技巧，而且是由多种方法组成的教学系统。其最大的特点是教师和学生共同营造了一个近乎公安刑事执法实战的教学环境。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定茵栀黄口服液中栀子苷的含量

目的：测定茵栀黄口服液中栀子苷的含量。方法：采用反相高效液相色谱法，C18-ODS柱为色谱柱，甲醇-水(20：80)为流动相，流速为1．0ml／min，检测波长：230nm。结果：线性范围为0．6228～1．557μg／ml(r=0．9998)，平均回收率为100．15％，RSD为1．63％(n=5)。结论：本法操作简便，准确可靠。     

SPME—GC／MS／MS法分析血中助燃剂残留物

目的探讨检验血中助燃剂残留物的分析方法。方法运用SPME(固相微萃取)技术,利用100μmPDMS萃取纤维,于室温条件下以顶空方式直接从血中萃取、浓缩挥发性碳氢化合物,用GC/MS/MS检测分析助燃剂。结果从检验的实际案例显示,可从0.1ml血中检出痕量的助燃剂。结论该方法操作时间短,检材用量少,分析结果较理想。     

Quantitative Phase Analysis by the Rietveld Method for Forensic Science

Quantitative phase analysis (QPA) is helpful to determine the type attribute of the object because it could present the content of the constituents. QPA by Rietveld method requires neither measurement of calibration data nor the use of an internal standard; however, the approximate crystal structure of each phase in a mixture is necessary. In this study, 8 synthetic mixtures composed of potassium nitrate and sulfur were analyzed by Rietveld QPA method. The Rietveld refinement was accomplished with a material analysis using diffraction program and evaluated by three agreement indices. Results showed that Rietveld QPA yielded precise results, with errors generally less than 2.0% absolute. In addition, a criminal case which was broken successfully with the help of Rietveld QPA method was also introduced. This method will allow forensic investigators to acquire detailed information of the material evidence, which could point out the direction for case detection and court proceedings.     

鸦片中主要成分的检验

本文采用Seppak C_(18)小柱固相萃取鸦片中的五种主要成分,以反相高效液相色谱法,甲醇—甲酸—三乙胺水(35:1.5:0.5:63)为流动相,检验五种成分,各成分均有良好的回收率。方法简单、快速、准确。     

RP-HPLC测定镇咳宁胶囊中盐酸麻黄碱的含量

目的:用反相高效液相色谱法测定镇咳宁胶囊中盐酸麻黄碱的含量.方法:采用Kromasil C18分析柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相:甲醇-0.1 mol/L磷酸二氢钾(40∶60),检测波长:210 nm,流速:1 ml/min.结果:盐酸麻黄碱进样量在0.96～5.76 μg(r=0.999 8)范围内呈线性关系,加样回收率为99.23%(RSD=0.64%).结论:该方法简便,结果准确可靠.     

审查起诉程序论

在刑事诉讼中,立法一直将提起公诉作为一个独立的诉讼阶段,而把审查起诉仅作为提起公诉的准备程序,这实际上是对整个刑事诉讼程序的误读,审查起诉应是一个独立的诉讼阶段,他不以提起公诉为唯一目标,而有着自身独特的价值和功能。