Between ‘Objectivism’ and ‘Contextualism': the Normative Foundations of Social Philosophy

Abstract

One of the principal challenges facing contemporary social philosophy is how to find foundations that are normatively robust yet congruent with its self-understanding. Social philosophy is a critical project within modernity, an interpretative horizon that stresses the influences of history and context on knowledge and experience. However, if it is to engage in intercultural dialogue and normatively robust social critique, social philosophy requires non-arbitrary, universal normative standards. The task of normative foundations can thus be formulated in terms of negotiating the tension between ‘contextualism’ and ‘objectivism’. Six contemporary responses to this challenge are examined. Their respective limitations call for renewed reflection on justificatory strategies, in particular for a conception of ‘objectivity’ based in a normative theory of social learning processes.     

President or Predator? The Social Construction of Donald Trump in a Divided America

ABSTRACT

During the presidential election, numerous women accused Donald Trump of sexual harassment and/or assault. Then a presidential candidate, he denied these complaints and said the women were all untruthful – a position he has continued to espouse. To explore “who the public believes,” we commissioned YouGov to conduct an opt-in online survey of a national sample of 1,000 Americans. Notably, half of Americans (51.0%) believed that “the women are telling the truth when they reported that Mr. Trump sexually harassed or assaulted them” versus 23.1% who sided with the president. Nearly two-thirds (64.9%) stated that it was unlikely that all the women were lying, and 3 in 5 Americans (60.5%) supported President Trump’s impeachment by the U.S. Congress if these accusations could be proven. Informed by research on political psychology (especially Haidt’s The Righteous Mind), the data are explored to see why Americans embrace divergent moral narratives – with some seeing Mr. Trump as a truthful president and others seeing him as a predator unworthy of the office he holds.     

“中国梦”的哲学解读

"中国梦"是基于我国发展现状和未来发展目标而提出的一种新理念,有着深厚的哲学意蕴。换言之,马克思主义哲学对"中国梦"的解读具有深层的合理性和广泛的解释力。改造世界是"中国梦"的出场路径;社会有机体是"中国梦"的现实图景;自由全面发展是"中国梦"的本真意义;人民群众是"中国梦"的主体力量;实践创新是"中国梦"的实现路径。     

从哲学成果看西南联大出现“奇迹”的原因

西南联大是中国现代教育史上的一个高峰。那个时期出现的哲学成果,更是中国现代哲学史上相当辉煌的一页。从分析一批哲学名师的重大理论成果,可以看出西南联大在治学与育才上出现奇迹的基本原因,并从前后的联系和比较中略述建国后对待教育和知识分子的某些问题和教训。     

苏格拉底之死的哲学思考——兼论哲学的使命及生存发展

文章以古希腊苏格拉底之死为切入点,探求哲学的本质、使命以及哲学的生存发展问题.苏格拉底之死是西方哲学史上的“第一大案”.导致苏格拉底之死的原因有起诉因、政治因和哲学性格因,而苏格拉底的哲学性格,即“牛虻精神”是苏格拉底之死最真实的原因.苏格拉底用他的一生诠释了哲学的三大使命:求善、授法和批判,这三大使命是哲学的生命之本、动力之源、发展之基,也是苏格拉底以死为代价给后来、当下乃至未来的哲学指明的生存发展之路     

刑事责任量的根据层次论

刑事责任量的根据具有层次性,它首先可以区分为立法根据和司法根据两个层次,其立法根据包含哲学根据和实质根据两个层次;其司法根据包含实质根据、法律根据和事实根据三个层次。由于刑事责任量有刑事责任基本量、增量、减量和变量之分,因而其法律根据又有基本量的法律根据、增量的法律根据、减量的法律根据和变量的法律根据四种;其事实根据也有基本量的事实根据、增量的事实根据、减量的事实根据和变量的事实根据四种。这些根据的具体内容均是不同的。     

思想政治教育工作价值及实现途径的哲学审视

思想政治教育工作是我国精神文明建设的首要内容,也是解决社会矛盾和问题的主要途径之一。通过从马克思主义人学角度审视当今中国的思想政治教育工作的价值,同时提出思想政治教育工作实现的基本途径——人文关怀。     

论政治理论课教学中哲学方法的运用

政治理论课教学的哲学方法是马克思主义世界观和方法论在教学中的具体运用。在实际教学中运用唯物主义的方法、唯物辩证的方法、辩证唯物主义认识论的方法和历史唯物主义的方法,能够使爱教育者受到潜移默化的影响和熏陶,有助干提高政治理论课教学的针对性和实效性。     

创新理念的哲学思考

创新是创新主体为解决社会实践中提出的问题,通过实践活动而实际地改变现存事物,形成新的价值观念、新的战略部署、新的概念设计、新的制度体制、新的活动方式、新的关系模式等,从而创造或增加其经济价值或社会价值,推动人类社会的进步和实现人的自由而全面发展的过程。     

物权法定原则否认论略

物权法定原则在当代社会,尤其是在我国,人们赋予其上的诸多功能或者说其理论基础,并不具有或已经丧失。多元化的物权公示原则构成了对物权法定原则的致命的突破点。通过对物权法定原则的诸多功能的剥离、返还、替代和转换,可以取消之,代之以一个以物权公示原则为中心的物权法体系。