比较法视野中的处刑命令程序研究

处刑命令程序是大陆法系国家和地区普遍采用的一种无起诉书、无开庭决定、无法庭审理的书面性刑事简易程序。本文在介绍了处刑命令程序的一般运作模式基础上,分析了该程序的诉讼效率价值和程序正义价值,并论述了我国对该程序借鉴的必要性与可行性。     

海峡两岸仲裁制度比较

诉讼和仲裁都是解决经济贸易纠纷的重要方式,但是,在涉外经贸中,当事人多倾向于寻求仲裁这一手段。就内地与台湾两地交往而言,仲裁已成为解决争议的主要途径。然而,两地在仲裁制度方面存在着诸多差异。两地在立法、法律渊源、仲裁员、仲裁协议、仲裁机构等方面有着很大的不同,上述几方面的比较研究,无论在理论上还是在实践上,都具有一定意义。本文从两岸经贸交流的现状出发,分析产生争议的原因,对解决争议的诸多方法作出比较。     

论我国行政听证范围的完善

行政听证制度是各国行政程序法的一项核心制度.国外许多国家在立法上采取以听证为原则,而对于不适用行政听证的事项则以否定列举的方式予以排除,听证范围较宽.与国外行政听证制度相比,我国现行的行政听证制度在适用范围上过窄,应当进一步予以扩大.     

生产力思想的继承与发展：一种比照视角的解读——从毛泽东到邓小平

邓小平继承和发展了毛泽东的生产力思想。这体现在对生产力地位、作用和构成要素、发展主体的认识上。尤其是关于生产力标准的理论观点上。他坚持了对社会主义本质阐述和对社会主义建设判断的统一．明确生产力发展的目标是建设“小康社会”。在构建社会主义和谐社会过程中，通过对毛泽东和邓小平生产力思想的比照，考察其中的继承和发展关系，具有一定理论和现实意义。     

The Politics of Civil Service and Administrative Reforms in Development—Explaining Within‐Country Variation of Reform Outcomes in Georgia after the Rose Revolution

This article examines the role of politics as a determinant of civil service and administrative (CSA) reform outcomes in Georgia. The majority of existing studies on CSA reforms face several methodological challenges, which make it difficult to understand the influence of politics in more detail. Based on literature review findings, the article proposes a model for within‐country comparisons that allows one to control for a number of variables such as context and policy design. Comparing CSA reform outcomes in the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Affairs in Georgia after the 2003 Rose Revolution through a matched case study, the article shows that certain countrywide legal adjustments, anti‐corruption measures and context variables are necessary but insufficient conditions for successful reform. While in general Georgia has achieved considerable success in its CSA reform efforts, the President's leverage over reform implementation, leadership at the ministry level and the politics of foreign aid have led to significant variation in reform outcomes across the analysed institutions. In addition to this, institutional constraints reflecting inherent differences between policy sectors explain another part of the variation in outcomes in Georgia. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effects of language mismatch in automatic forensic voice comparison using deep learning embeddings

In forensic voice comparison, deep learning has become widely popular recently. It is mainly used to learn speaker representations, called embeddings or embedding vectors. Speaker embeddings are often trained using corpora mostly containing widely spoken languages. Thus, language dependency is an important factor in automatic forensic voice comparison, especially when the target language is linguistically very different from that the model is trained on. In the case of a low-resource language, developing a corpus for forensic purposes containing enough speakers to train deep learning models is costly. This study aims to investigate whether a model pre-trained on multilingual (mostly English) corpus can be used on a target low-resource language (here, Hungarian), not represented by the model. Often multiple samples are not available from the offender (unknown speaker). Samples are therefore compared pairwise with and without speaker enrollment for suspect (known) speakers. Two corpora are used that were developed especially for forensic purposes and a third that is meant for traditional speaker verification. Speaker embedding vectors are extracted by the x-vector and ECAPA-TDNN techniques. Speaker verification was evaluated in the likelihood-ratio framework. A comparison is made between the language combinations (modeling, LR calibration, and evaluation). The results were evaluated by Cllr_min and EER metrics. It was found that the model pre-trained on a different language but on a corpus with a significant number of speakers can be used on samples with language mismatch. Sample duration and speaking style also seem to affect the performance.     

比较与借鉴：中外青年志愿服务现状透视

国外发达国家青年志愿服务工作已逐渐步入组织化、规范化和系统化的轨道。通过中外志愿服务的比较发现,我国青年志愿服务水平与社会成员的需求仍然有较大的差距。应借鉴与吸收国外的成功经验,以更好地推动我国青年志愿服务工作的持续发展。     

Could lessons have been drawn from New Zealand for England’s NHS reforms?

This article argues that New Zealand (NZ) could be an important case for drawing health system reform lessons from for the English National Health Service. Reasons for this are outlined, including the close similarities between the two countries and their health systems. The article describes the diverging health reform agendas of conservative governments in both countries, noting a series of lessons for England that might have been drawn from NZ. Explanations for the differing reform agendas are then offered.     

3种骨骼DNA提取方法的应用效果比较

目的对3种方法提取骨骼DNA的效果进行比较,为实际应用中选择方法提供参考。方法应用骨骼孵化液法、DNA Investigator试剂盒法和CTAB法对同一骨骼样本进行脱钙、消化、提取DNA,用紫外分光光度计检测DNA的浓度值;使用Identifilerplus试剂盒进行PCR扩增,3130xl型遗传分析仪检测分型,并用SPSS 19.0软件对各项实验结果进行统计分析。结果 1g骨粉样本经上述3种方法提取,得到的DNA浓度分别为26.53ng/μL±5.47ng/μL、23.63ng/μL±4.56ng/μL、14.93ng/μL±3.88ng/μL;单因素方差分析表明3组数据之间差异性具有统计学意义。PCR扩增后电泳检测结果显示,骨骼孵化液法和DNA Investigator试剂盒法基因座检出率和峰值大致相同,均优于CTAB法。结论本文比较的3种方法均可用于骨骼样本的实际检案,检出率较高的两种方法可作为优选方案。     

交通事故归责原则与损害赔偿理论研究

《道路交通事故处理办法》与《中华人民共和国民法通则》关于道路交通事故的归则原则完全不同 ,这导致了交通事故损害赔偿的不同。分析比较了各主要国家对交通事故的归责原则 ,并且从法学理论上对之进行研究。认为汽车与非机动车、行人发生的交通事故 ,应采取无过错责任原则 ,才更能体现法的公平与正义