对民国时期金陵女子大学"女性取向"的体育教育考察

金陵女子大学体育系作为民国时期女子体育教育的典范,积极倡导"女性取向"的办学理念,培养了一批高规格的女子体育人才.金陵女大体育系的理论与实践,不仅促进了女性的身体健康,也有利于国家的振兴.     

浅谈现场勘查中物证的污染及防控对策

物证污染是影响物证鉴定结果的最主要因素之一,通过现场勘查阶段对人为因素的介入,采取防控措施防止污染,提高检验鉴定人员的物证污染防范意识,并采取适当的监测方法和排除措施,可以提高检材质量,降低物证污染的可能性。     

青少年体质健康教育研究

世界上很多国家非常重视体质研究工作,并研制了适合本国特点的体质测定方案。我国近30年来在青少年体质研究方面取得了显著的成果,几次大的体质健康普查和调研,以及制定的各种学校教育的各项法规,对促进我国青少年的体质健康起到了重要的推动作用。从长远看,对青少年体质的心理方面的研究应成为今后体质健康教育的重点和突破方向。     

Factors Contributing to Gender Differences in Depressive Symptoms: A Test of Three Developmental Models

In a longitudinal study on 115 early adolescents, the impact of major events, relationship stressors, and coping style in interaction with biological changes on depressive outcome in late adolescence were explored. Three developmental models proposed by Nolen-Hoeksema and Girgus (1994, Psychol. Bull. 115: 424–433), which attempt to explain the emergence of gender differences in adolescent depressive symptoms, were tested. Multiple regression analyses conducted to test Model 1 identified two etiological factors associated with gender differences of depression, namely, stress in the adolescent–mother relationship and a more negative body image. Tests of Model 2 revealed etiological factors which correlated with depression in adolescent girls but not adolescent boys. The correlational patterns of avoidant coping and body image emerged as relevant factors for Model 2. Finally, tests of Model 3 searched for factors which were more likely to be observed in adolescent girls than boys and which would put girls at risk should they interact with a third etiological factor. Early maturational timing emerged as a factor for Model 3.     

Correlates of the Co-Occurrence of Wife Abuse and Child Abuse Among a Representative Sample

The co-occurrence of domestic violence and child abuse is well documented (Appel, A. E., & Holden, G. W. (1998). J. Fam. Psychol. 12: 578–599; Edleson, J. L. (1999). Violence Against Women 5: 134–154). However, little is known about the correlates of co-occurring wife and child abuse. Analyzing data from the 1985 National Family Violence Survey (subsample N = 2733), this study identified risk factors associated with the co-occurrence of wife and child abuse. One-way ANOVA and chi-square analyses were conducted to compare characteristics of parents, children, and households among subgroups of families reporting some form of abuse. Key differences emerged between the three types of homes compared (i.e., those with child abuse alone, wife abuse alone, or wife and child abuse), indicating possibly distinct etiologies and processes. In particular, the co-occurrence of wife and child abuse was marked by less education, worse health, increased reports of depression, and increased husband drug use. Findings may be useful to practitioners and researchers interested in risk factors for different forms of family violence.The total does not equal 100% because certain states report more than one form of maltreatment per child.     

Intergenerational Transmission of Dating Aggression as a Function of Witnessing Only Same Sex Parents vs. Opposite Sex Parents vs. Both Parents as Perpetrators of Domestic Violence

The present study examined the association between witnessing interparental violence as a child, and the risk for perpetrating and being the victim of dating aggression as an adult, in an undergraduate sample. Specifically, this study tested a modeling hypothesis whereby witnessing a same sex parent vs. an opposite sex parent exclusively in the aggressor role would be more highly associated with risk for perpetrating dating aggression. Similarly, observing a same sex parent vs. an opposite sex parent as exclusively a victim of marital aggression would be associated with risk for being a victim of dating aggression. A same sex modeling effect was found for perpetration of dating aggression. Respondents who witnessed only their same sex parent perpetrate physical marital aggression were at increased risk for perpetrating physical dating aggression, whereas respondents who witnessed only their opposite sex parent perpetrate were not. A same sex modeling effect, however, was not found for being a victim of dating aggression. Rather, risk for victimization by dating aggression was associated only with witnessing bidirectional marital violence. Implications of these results, limitations of the present study, and ideas for future research are discussed.     

浅析高校体育教学中对学生创新能力的培养

素质教育的大力推进,使高校体育教学对学生的创新能力培养、素质提高发挥了重要作用。面对新的形式和任务,从创新能力的构成和发展出发,研究高校体育教学中对学生创新能力培养的基本方法和途径是十分必要的。     

差异性社会:基于政治学层面的思考

差异性社会是对我国经济社会发展现状的客观定位。其中,尊重人的主体性地位是差异性社会形成的基点;规范人的主体性行为是差异性社会的制度要求;提高人的劳动能力是差异性社会的基本任务。从政治学层面梳理差异性社会理论对构建社会主义和谐社会以及人的全面发展有一定意义。     

论警察体能训练的重要性

＂体能＂广义而言,又称＂身体素质＂,是指人体各器官、系统在运动、劳动、工作中所表现出来的力量、速度、耐力、灵敏及柔韧性等机能能力,是人体运动素能的基本表现形式。狭义的＂体能＂,即警察的警体技能,是指警察在各种复杂、艰苦的工作环境下,为圆满履行国家、法律赋予的各项权利和义务所必须具备的融技力（警体技术）、体力、脑力、心力（心理素质）为一体的综合技术能力。应该说,目前我国警察体能状况的整体水平仍不理想。如前些年公安部曾对广东、浙江、吉林的394名基层刑警的抽样体能测试,发现个别的地方有70%以上的人不能达到及格标准,且不少人患有各种疾病;某市民警中119名科级以上领导干部男子1000米长跑的达标率仅为10%左右,女子800米长跑,9名选手仅6名坚持跑完全程,并且无一人达到4分50秒的合格标准。缺乏严格的训练,体能不强己成为造成警察工作效率低的主要因素,因此必须强化警察体能训练。     

Co-Occurrence of Interparental Violence and Child Physical Abuse and It’s Effect on the Adolescents’ Behavior

This study analyzed the impact of the co-occurrence of parental and interparental violence on the behavior of adolescents. Results reveal that the co-occurrence of interparental violence and child physical abuse has a significantly greater negative impact on behavior than does exposure to interparental violence only. Moreover, participants, who are both abused and exposed to interparental violence, exhibit internalized and externalized symptoms falling within the clinical range more frequently. Exposure exclusively to interparental violence also has definite impact; for example, teens who are only exposed to interparental violence exhibit internalized and externalized symptoms more frequently than do those who have been neither subject to physical abuse from a parent nor exposed to interparental violence. Implications of the findings are discussed.