进行道德启蒙教育要遵循儿童身心发展规律

儿童早期品德的形成和发展,是每个人品德形成和发展的基础.对儿童进行良好的道德启蒙教育,是一个人能否健康成长的关键.但儿童的发展有其自身发展的规律,进行道德启蒙教育必须符合儿童身心发展的内在需求.     

Women Victims of Violent Partners: The Italian Situation Amid Culture and Psychopathology

In 2006, the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) conducted a survey over the entire national territory of women victims of sexual, physical, and psychologic violence, a few years after the first survey, conducted in 2002. For the 2002 survey, respondents were 60,000 women, 22,759 of whom were aged 14–59 years. For the 2006 survey, the sample consisted of 25,000 women aged 16–70 years. Owing to the sensitivity of the issues, the telephone survey technique seems best suited because it provides more anonymity and guarantee of protection. The survey showed that the phenomenon of violence against women is most commonly perpetrated by the partner or ex‐partner, even in cases of homicide. A comparison of the Italian data with those of the U.S.A. for the period 2001–2006 showed a specificity of Intimate Partner Violence in Italy, that seems to be related to cultural elements and psychologic and psychopathologic factors.     

Distinct age-related differences among victims in cases of suspected child abuse

Evidence describing age-related differences among children with suspected physical and sexual child abuse is lacking. We describe findings in severe cases of suspected abuse. Cases with 756 children <15 years old were included during 2001–2013 at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Aarhus University, using forensic evaluation documents, medical records, and court proceedings. Eight percent of children <4 years old died from child abuse, 36% through violence resulting in death, and 64% by manslaughter, whereas 1% > 4 years old died, solely by manslaughter. External injuries were mainly located to head and torso in children <4 years old, changing to the upper and lower extremities in older children. Child sexual abuse was suspected in 52% of cases with living children <4 years old, 83% of children 4–7 years of age, 88% of children 8–11 years of age, and 93% of children >12 years old. Anogenital findings were mainly caused by other medical conditions in children <4 years old, hymenal clefts in the superior half of the hymenal rim were almost exclusively found in children between 8 and 11 years of age, whereas both superficial and complete hymenal clefts in the inferior half of the hymenal rim were found in children >12 years old. The present study describes age-related differences in victims of suspected child abuse. Fatal versus nonfatal child physical abuse and the significance of hymenal findings in child sexual abuse could be studied further.     

The Acute and Enduring Consequences of Exposure to Violence on Youth Mental Health and Aggression

The bulk of “neighborhood effects” research examines the impact of neighborhood conditions cross-sectionally. However, it is critical to understand whether the effects of neighborhood context are situational and whether they endure over time. In this study, we take seriously the notion that there are enduring consequences of exposure to deleterious neighborhood conditions. Using a rich set of longitudinal data on adolescents from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods, we estimate the effect of exposure to violence on both internalizing (depression and anxiety) and externalizing problems (aggression). We find that exposure to violence has both an acute and enduring effect on aggression, yet no effect on anxiety-depression, net of individual, family, peer, and neighborhood influences. Part of the enduring effect of violence exposure is explained by changes in social cognitions brought on by the exposure, yet much of the relationship remains to be explained by other causal mechanisms.     

Fetal Age Determination Through Biparietal Diameter: A Simple Method of Cranial Reconstruction Using Multipurpose Silicone

In forensic medicine, gestational age of fetal remains is a crucial information in several contests, but the classic methods are inadequate when early gestational age needs to be assessed. In the author's experience, the measurement of the biparietal diameter provides more accurate information for this purpose. The status of the fetal head is therefore critical. This work describes an easy technique that allows to reconstruct the cranial volume of the fetus using multipurpose silicone given both the flexibility of the fetal head structure and the inorganic nature of the silicone itself. In conclusion, the determination of the biparietal diameter achieved through the above‐described technique permitted a more accurate estimation of the dating of pregnancy in judicial cases where the fetal remains were incomplete and disrupted.     

高职体育与法律行业身体机能训练一体化理论的研究

高职体育与法律行业应该将学生的身体技能训练纳入到体育的课程体系中去,形成身体技能训练一体化的模式,拓展学生体育水平的时间和空间,加强对学生的体育实践能力和身体技能的培养,为学生的终身体育打下坚实基础.     

现代消费对青少年身份认同的影响

在当今社会,消费成为社会中占主导位置的力量,消费也成为人们构建自我身份认同的重要途径。青少年期是人生发展的重要转折期,青少年期也是个体身份认同形成的关键时期,当代青少年在认识自我、展现自我的过程中受到消费主义的极大影响。更多的青少年通过消费彰显个性、品位,消费为青少年提供了自我身份认同的路径,然而青少年在消费过程中表现出了明显的消费主义倾向,加剧了青少年身份认同的危机。     

The physical competence test of the Dutch National Police: The effects of wearing a police uniform on test performance

ABSTRACT

In this study, we investigated the effects of wearing a police uniform and gear on officers’ performance during the Physical Competence Test (PCT) of the Dutch National Police. In a counterbalanced within-subjects design, twenty-seven police officers performed the PCT twice, once wearing sportswear and once wearing a police uniform. The results showed clear indications that wearing a police uniform influenced the performance on the PCT. Participants were on average 14 seconds slower in a police uniform than in sportswear. Furthermore, performing the test in uniform was accompanied by higher RPE-scores and total physiological load. It seems that wearing a police uniform during the test diminishes the discrepancy between physical fitness needed to pass the simulated police tasks in the PCT and the job-specific physical fitness that is required during daily police work. This suggests that wearing a police uniform during the test will increase the representativeness of the testing environment for the work field.     

论警察院校警体教学的发展趋势

警察院校警体课区别于普通高校的体育课,在教学及实践活动中,警察职业的专业性尤为突出,警体教育思想、教学内容、教学方法、客观评价体系等方面都在与时俱进,今后警体教学的发展趋势,要求教学理论系统化、教学信息现代化、教学内容实战化、教学训练长期化。     

政治文化视域下的日本二战史观

日本二战史观的形成,是由日本独特的政治文化决定的。在政治文化中,起决定作用的是"观念形态政治文化"——民族心理、宗教信仰和价值观念等因素。正是由于日本独特的民族心理、宗教信仰和价值观念,才造就了日本偏执的历史观和错误的二战史观。要想使日本政治文化朝着有利于反省战争罪责方向发展,就必须对日本政治文化进行改造,其途径是全球化的发展、中国的强大和日本内部的转变。