浅谈我国对吸毒行为刑事政策的应有调整

我国对吸毒人员一贯采取治病救人、教育改造的刑事政策,惩罚色彩很弱。至今为止,我国法律对吸毒行为的最严厉措施仅限于劳动教养。然而,走私、贩卖毒品等犯罪的愈演愈烈与对吸毒行为的控制不力是有密切关系的。鉴于吸毒行为本身的社会危害性以及现有保安措施的缺陷,《刑法》应对某些严重的吸毒行为增设吸毒罪予以刑罚规制。与此同时,其他法律法规中对吸毒人员所制定的保安处分措施也应加以完善。只有打防并举、多管齐下,才能遏制日益严重的毒品违法犯罪。     

香港冲突法中的国际间儿童诱拐问题

1980年《国际诱拐儿童民事方面公约》为国际间儿童诱拐问题的解决提供了一个国际方法,该公约在1997年7月1日之后继续适用于香港,并经转化为香港法例第512章《掳拐和管养儿童条例》。对于海牙《国际诱拐儿童民事方面的公约》适用的案件,适用《掳拐和管养儿童条例》;而对于非公约调整的案件,则适用普通法规则。为了海牙《国际诱拐儿童民事方面公约》在香港得以更好地施行,香港法律改革委员会于2002年4月29日作出了《国际性的父母诱拐子女问题报告书》。2009年10月,政府当局对《国际性的父母诱拐子女问题报告书》作出回应。     

Insider dealing and market abuse: The UK’s record on enforcement

Insider dealing has been unlawful in the UK since 1980 and market abuse, of which insider dealing is just one form, since 2000. It is from this time when the Financial Services Authority (FSA) was established and the creation of these as civil offences that they could be pursued rigorously. It is the purpose of this article to examine the FSA’s record of enforcement relative to (i) its estimated level of occurrence and (ii) the US experience.     

论行政滥用职权司法审查的界限

《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》将滥用职权作为法院撤销被诉具体行政行为的法定理由,在行政权不断扩张的今天．该规定的内容使得司法权可以对行政主体的栽量活动进行审查,为防止行政权行使的肆意提供了司法保障。但是在我国当下的现实中,行政法学界对“滥用职权”的内涵与表现形式等基础理论研究存在较大争议,形成多种不同的观点,相对一致的学说理论没有形成;法律规定和司法解释也没有对“滥用职权”进行准确定位,进而导致在司法审判中,法官对“滥用职权”的标准难于把握,不能、不愿也不敢适用“滥用职权”而撤销具体行政行为。笔者试从“滥用职权”的不同认识出发,梳理之间存在的核心争议点,进而根据行政权与司法权之间的分权制衡,界定滥用职权司法审查的界限与深度．以期明晰在司法审查中法官需要把握的适用标准。     

浅谈高职高专院校体育教育改革

随着高职高专院校体育教育改革的不断深入,虽已取得了一定成果,但目前改革的成效还不能令人满意。本文从体育教育思想、体育教育目标、体育教育内容、组织形式和教学方法、体育教育的评价方法等五个方面来阐述高职高专院校体育教育改革,提出了改革的内容、方向和侧重点。     

毒品案件实物证据收集的实证分析

根据《关于办理死刑案件审查判断证据若干问题的规定》、《关于办理刑事案件排除非法证据若干问题的规定》以及《大连会议纪要》的新要求,本文通过对毒品案件证据特征的总结,结合实际案例对毒品案件侦查中物证、书证、勘验检查笔录和视听资料等实物证据的收集方法进行实证分析。     

Child Abuse-Related Homicides in New Mexico: A 6-year Retrospective Review

Abstract:  We retrospectively reviewed autopsy records at a statewide medical examiner's office in order to identify and characterize deaths due to child abuse. In a 6-year period in New Mexico, the medical examiner investigated 45 deaths determined to be child abuse-related. Decedents were predominantly male (68.9%), Hispanic White (53.3%), and all were 5 years of age or younger, with a median age of 1 year. Head injuries were the most common cause of death (44.4%), followed by battered baby syndrome (15.6%). Relatives were involved as alleged perpetrators in 80% of the cases, with the father most often implicated (36.1% of cases), and 88.9% of child abuse injuries resulting in death occurred in the family's residence. Toxicology was positive in 26.7% of cases, but only two cases had substances of abuse present. Information on risk factors such as prematurity, parental age, and history of abuse was also collected.     

Culture diversity and environmental protection

Just as human rights advocates have tended to place only civil and political rights onto their agendas, environmentalists have tended to focus primarily on natural resource preservation without addressing human impacts of environment abuse. As a result, victims of environment degradation are unprotected by the laws and mechanisms established to address human rights abuse. This paper will offer a brief comparative analysis of the United States＇ environment policy and a case of ASEAN implanting the concept of environmental right; discuss the traditional knowledge of indigenous population and its impact upon the environment protection; and at last recommend a model system used in China in linking cultural diversity and environmental right.     

HELPING ALIENATED CHILDREN WITH FAMILY BRIDGES: PRACTICE, RESEARCH, AND THE PURSUIT OF "HUMBITION"

This article briefly summarizes and responds to feedback offered by Joan Kelly regarding Family Bridges: A Workshop for Troubled and Alienated Parent–Child Relationships™. We emphasize principles that promote an educational atmosphere, as opposed to a therapeutic one, and the court's role in contributing to successful interventions with severely alienated children. Among the considerations discussed are: working with favored parents, economic comparisons of Family Bridges with counseling approaches, modifying the program for use in prevention and with milder cases of alienation, and issues related to training additional team leaders and conducting outcome research.     

Foster children＇s right to family： A description and analysis of the legislative approach in Sweden

This paper emphasizes the foster children＇s right to family life and investigates whether change of custody and guardianship to foster parents is a successful option to achieve this right. Using CRC as the base for my definition of the right to family I will include the right to continuity, well-being and a family environment in the understanding of the term ＂right to family＂ in this article. These rights may, primarily, be fulfilled by the child＇s parents, and, if necessary for the best interest of the child, be complemented or substituted by foster or adoption parents. The analysis of different solutions concerning state interventions will base on Swedish law. In Sweden, a child in need of help or assistance as a result of abuse, neglect, or other inappropriate behavior in the home setting may be helped by the Social Welfare Committee-voluntarily or by a court order-in the child＇s home or a foster home. Other alternatives contain judicial involvement by changing custody and guardianship or making a decision for adoption. Since many years ago, the most commonly used alternative for children needing long term placements outside their homes in Sweden has become foster care. This development of many long-term placements has been criticized for not fulfilling the needs of the children, especially their needs for family continuity, stability and well-being. As a consequence, an amendment to the Social Services Act 200l was enacted in 2003 which states that the Social Services Committee shall consider the ＂permanence＂ of foster care by changing custody and guardianship to the foster parents three years later since a child starts in foster care, and every six months thereafter, as long as the child remains in the foster parents＇ care. Assuming that the foster parents are fit and willing to become custodians and guardians, and the child views the foster home as his or her home, the District Court can decide to change the custody and the guardianship to the foster parents. The assessment is to be based solely on the best interest of the child, and not on the fitness or wishes of the original custodian. However, can changing the custody and guardianship assist foster children＇s right to family？ This paper elaborates on this question by describing a legal reform in Sweden.