An Evaluation of the Use of Videotaped Evidence for Juvenile Witnesses in Criminal Courts in England and Wales

For the first time, the UK Criminal Justice Act (1991) allowed the videotaped evidence of a child to be substituted for the child's evidence-in-chief in a criminal court. The present study is an evaluation of that legislation. One hundred and fifty children were observed testifying in a criminal court in the UK. The use of the videotaped evidence and subsequent cross-examination of the child witness (usually via the closed circuit television system) was also observed. The data base from the Lord Chancellor's Department of all trials involving child witnesses in England and Wales was also analysed. The results showed that the introduction of the video technology into the criminal courts reduced the levels of stress of child witnesses but did not increase the conviction rates.     

滥用劳务派遣之反思与规制

《劳动合同法》实施以来,劳务派遣用工量呈井喷之势。劳务派遣迅猛发展的主要表现为劳务派遣的滥用,劳动立法的缺漏、利益的驱动、企业的经济人本性、政府职能的缺位是滥用劳务派遣现象发生的主要原因。滥用劳务派遣极大损害了劳务派遣劳动者利益,破坏了劳务派遣市场秩序,是本次《劳动合同法修正案》处理的主要问题。通过劳务派遣行业准入制度的完善、劳务派遣适用范围的限制、同工同酬权的保障、劳动监察力量加强等多个层面的治理,将劳务派遣控制在合理的适用范围,引导劳务派遣规范化发展,落实劳动关系的和谐稳定。     

Family Problems and Children's Competencies Over the Early Elementary School Years

SUMMARY

Problems experienced by families from a sample of at-risk, urban children were observed and recorded by social workers over a two year period. Four groups of families were distinguished through social worker case notes based on family problems and needs; families were grouped into stable high needs, stable low needs, change for better and change for worse categories. Children were then followed for three years, from the beginning of kindergarten to the end of second grade, and assessed on classroom competence and academic achievement outcomes. Classroom competence included the teacher's rating of both the child's social skills in the classroom, and the academic competence of the child. Academic achievement included a standardized assessment of both math and reading skills. Results indicated that children from families with stable low needs consistently perform with more competence in the classroom than children from families with stable high needs or those whose need status increased. Children from families with stable high needs score comparably to children from families with stable low needs on math, and no difference between groups were found in reading. Implications of these findings for strengthening family competence is discussed.     

Maltreatment and Family Dysfunction in Childhood and the Subsequent Adjustment of Children and Adults

The adjustment problems associated with sexual abuse, physical abuse, psychological maltreatment, neglect, and witnessing family violence during childhood were examined in three studies. Study 1 demonstrated significant overlap between maltreatment types in parent reports (N = 50) of maltreatment experiences of their child aged 5–12 years. Parental sexual punitiveness, traditionality, family adaptability and family cohesion significantly predicted scores on 4 maltreatment scales and children's externalizing behavior problems. Level of maltreatment predicted internalizing, externalizing, and sexual behavior problems. In Study 2, significant overlap was found between adults' retrospective reports (N = 138) of all 5 types of maltreating behaviors. Parental sexual punitiveness, traditionality, family adaptability, and family cohesion during childhood predicted the level of maltreatment and current psychopathology. Although child maltreatment scores predicted psychopathology, childhood family variables were better predictors of adjustment. Study 3 demonstrated that child maltreatment scores predicted positive aspects of adult adaptive functioning (N = 95).     

论警察体能训练的重要性

＂体能＂广义而言,又称＂身体素质＂,是指人体各器官、系统在运动、劳动、工作中所表现出来的力量、速度、耐力、灵敏及柔韧性等机能能力,是人体运动素能的基本表现形式。狭义的＂体能＂,即警察的警体技能,是指警察在各种复杂、艰苦的工作环境下,为圆满履行国家、法律赋予的各项权利和义务所必须具备的融技力（警体技术）、体力、脑力、心力（心理素质）为一体的综合技术能力。应该说,目前我国警察体能状况的整体水平仍不理想。如前些年公安部曾对广东、浙江、吉林的394名基层刑警的抽样体能测试,发现个别的地方有70%以上的人不能达到及格标准,且不少人患有各种疾病;某市民警中119名科级以上领导干部男子1000米长跑的达标率仅为10%左右,女子800米长跑,9名选手仅6名坚持跑完全程,并且无一人达到4分50秒的合格标准。缺乏严格的训练,体能不强己成为造成警察工作效率低的主要因素,因此必须强化警察体能训练。     

专业艺术体操专项教学内容优化研究——以上海体育学院体育教育为例

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、数理统计法等对上海体育学院体教艺术体操专项的教学内容进行综合分析,提出具有针对性的体教艺术体操专项教学内容的优化措施和建议,为艺术体操专项教学提供理论依据和有益参考。     

Child Sexual Abuse Perpetrated by Women: Case Series and Review of the Literature

The literature on child sexual abuse (CSA) perpetrated by female sexual offenders (FSOs) is exiguous, and many studies have focused on judicial databases. The present retrospective study, instead, analyzed clinical and judicial data of a group of both victims and alleged FSOs, to additionally include women who have not been convicted by the criminal justice system, but who hold strong clinical suspicions of being perpetrators of CSA. The medical records and the Court files of 11 children and their eight suspected FSOs have been collected and critically reviewed in light of the literature to date. This approach allowed for a deeper understanding of the relationship between child and FSO. The authors hypothesize that the victims’ severe psychopathological outcomes were a result of a failure to develop appropriate attachments with their prospective caregivers, which could have been damaged by the pathological relationship with FSOs, who were the victims’ caregivers.     

对《中华人民共和国义务教育法》第11条的修改建议

我国义务教育法第11条关于儿童入学年龄的规定,脱离了我国的实际,造成了该条规定在现实生活中的认识不统一及实际上不能执行。为了避免理解不统一带来的法律遵守执行存在的问题,建议对义务教育法第11条的规定进行修改。     

浅析高校体育教学中对学生创新能力的培养

素质教育的大力推进,使高校体育教学对学生的创新能力培养、素质提高发挥了重要作用。面对新的形式和任务,从创新能力的构成和发展出发,研究高校体育教学中对学生创新能力培养的基本方法和途径是十分必要的。