92式手枪射入口形态特征与射击距离的关系

目的研究手枪射入口形态特征与射击距离的关系,为射击距离的推断提供依据。方法选择92式手枪,在带皮的猪肉上覆盖白色棉布,设计了0m,0.1m,0.2m,0.5m1.0m,1.5m,3.0m,5.0m,10m,15.0m,20.0m,25.0m共12个射击距离,对白棉布和肉皮上的弹孔进行拍照,对比研究不同射击距离的射入口形态特征,并利用Autocad软件对射入口的面积进行计算。结果白棉布和肉皮上射入口的形态特征与射击距离有一定的相关性。结论根据射入口的形态特征,能够对射击距离进行推断,对涉枪案件中射击距离的判断有参考价值。     

Patterned imprint mark due to the folded shoulder stock: A possible finding in contact shots from submachine guns

The muzzle imprint (barrel mark) is a pressure abrasion typically associated with contact shots. Apart from the contours of the actual muzzle profile, other constructional parts such as the front sight and/or the recoil spring guide of semiautomatic pistols may be imprinted next to the bullet entrance wound. In some types of submachine guns the shoulder stock can be folded forward so that its end partly encircles the muzzle. If such a weapon was in contact with the skin at the instant of discharge, a corresponding contusion mark is to be expected. The imprint configuration may point to the type of weapon and to the way in which the gun had been held when firing the shot. The paper presents the injury pattern in a 36-year-old man who committed suicide with a Scorpion SA Vz 61 submachine gun cal. 7.65 mm Browning from former Czechoslovakia.     

Death caused by a signal rocket--not an isolated case*

Fatalities related to sporting events are predominantly caused by blunt force injuries especially due to the emotional involvement of crowd, but occasionally other types of trauma are reported as well. A case of very rare trauma caused by shooting with a hand-held parachute signal rocket during a football match is presented. A 17-year-old football fan sustained fatal injuries, a combination of mechanical trauma caused by rocket penetration, as well as extensive thermal burning of the thoracic viscera. Analysis of the event was based on autopsy findings and evidence produced by medicolegal and ballistic experts. Improper use of a hand-held signal rocket, designed for marine distress signals, may cause serious injuries either mechanically, due to explosion, or as a result of thermal discharge. In the reported case, pattern of injuries is discussed, and medical finding corroborated to other available evidence. The presented case is a reminder that the forensic pathologist should be informed accordingly on the type and features of weapon suspected to produce injury, to be able to understand traumatic changes, and look for potential presence of foreign bodies at postmortem examination.     

利用SEM/EDS区别小口径手枪及六四式手枪在纺织品上的枪击孔

利用扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪（SEM/EDS）对小口径手枪、六四式手枪在纺织品上枪击孔洞处的附着物进行了观察分析,较好地解决了判定是小口径手枪还是六四式手枪射击问题。     

92式9毫米与勃朗宁9毫米手枪射击弹痕研究

QSZ92式9毫米手枪和勃朗宁9毫米手枪是发射同一种枪弹的两种枪支,文章通过实验观察这两种枪支射击弹头上的进膛痕迹、拔弹痕迹、坡膛痕迹和线膛痕迹的形态特征,统计分析了痕迹出现的位置和长度及宽度,对这两种枪支的射击弹头痕迹作了比较研究。     

Children's truthful and deceptive testimonies: How camera perspective affects adult observers’ perception and assessment

Abstract

This experimental study investigates adults’ perception and assessments of children's testimonies as a function of camera shot (close-up shot vs medium shot vs long shot) and camera focus (child only vs child and interviewer). Truth-telling and lying children were interviewed and videotaped simultaneously by four cameras, each taking a different visual perspective (‘close-up shot/child only’, ‘medium shot/child only’, ‘medium shot/child and interviewer’, ‘long shot/child and interviewer’). Mock jurors (N=256) watched the videotaped testimonies and rated their perception of the children's statement and appearance, and assessed the children's veracity. Children seen in long shot were perceived as more neutral and relaxed, and children seen in close-up were perceived as having to think harder. The adult's deception detection accuracy was at chance level. The results suggest that legal policy-makers should consider the outcome of psycho-legal research on camera perspective when establishing and/or reforming standards for police interviews and courtroom procedures.     

Relation of Kinetic Energy to Contact Wounds of the Head by Centerfire Rifles and Shotgun Slugs

Wounds of high‐energy centerfire rifles and shotguns represent distinctive injuries of forensic importance. Previous studies of contact wounds have shown variability in the potential of these weapons to produce bursting wounds of the head. The present study analyzed contact head wounds owing to 26 centerfire rifles and nine shotgun slugs and compared them with respect to weapon, ammunition, entry wound site, and projectile kinetic energy. The bursting effect, defined for this study as disruption of at least 50% of the head, occurred in 25/35 of cases and was related to kinetic energy. Bursting was associated with energies <2700 ft‐lbs in 12/22 cases and energies >2700 ft‐lbs in 13/13 cases. The volume of gunpowder gas injected into the wound was considered as contributing to the bursting phenomenon. There was no relation of bursting to the specific entrance wound site, type of ammunition, or projectile fragmentation.     

“十四五”时期中国区域经济发展格局展望

面向机遇与挑战并存的“十四五”时期,重构中国区域经济格局对实现更高质量、更具效率、更加公平的发展具有里程碑式的意义。从国家、区域、城市、县域四级空间尺度出发,以“整体分散,优势集中”为行动指南展望新时代区域协调发展新格局。在国家尺度下,在集中力量缓和东西失调、南北分野以促进国内大循环的同时,以“一带一路”为牵引融入国际大循环。在区域尺度下,打造京津冀城市群、长三角城市群、粤港澳城市群、长江中游—中原城市群、成渝城市群五大核心增长极,助力沿海经济带与长江经济带建设、黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展。在城市—县域尺度下,抓好国家中心城市、区域中心城市的培育工作,激发县域经济活力。在此基础上,融通国家、区域、城市、县域四级尺度,共同引领“普遍沸腾”。     

公安院校手枪射击教学训练中的枪械管理摭谈

目前公安院校关于枪械安全管理方面还存在着诸多问题,这主要表现为在进行手枪射击教学中的枪支安全管理存在麻痹大意的思想,安全意识不到位。因此,从事公安院校手枪射击教学训练一线的教师必须从思想上要高度重视,对在教学训练中所使用的枪械进行科学系统的管理,同时加强学员对所使用枪械的管理以及教学训练场地的科学管理,从而提高公安院校手枪射击教学训练的质量。     

Economic Growth and Convergence in Latin America

Little is known about the convergence process among developing countries in general and in Latin America in particular. For the period as a whole there is no evidence of a narrowing in the cross-country dispersion of income (sigma convergence). But there is evidence of convergence to different steady state income levels at a speed that is common to all countries (conditional beta convergence). The article also shows that the estimates of convergence are sensitive to the way in which GDP per capita is measured.