日本农业发展的困境及政策调整

日本农业发展一直以高关税、高补贴著称,尽管政权更迭,这一政策取向基本保持不变。但是随着国内外政治经济环境的变化,其农业政策也在不断进行调整、修正和补充。近年来,日本出生率下降、人口老龄化问题日益严重,农业劳动力减少,加之耕地面积降低,以及跨太平洋战略经济伙伴关系(TPP)协议对农业影响的不确定性,日本农业政策亟需调整。2015年日本出台了新的《食品、农业与农村地区基本规划》,对今后5~10年的农业发展进行了规划。文章将以此为基础分析日本农业发展面临的困境,并简要介绍日本新的农业政策。     

大学生士兵职业生涯规划教育探析

随着我军大规模征召大学生士兵,军人职业化色彩愈显浓厚,军队有必要对大学生士兵开展职业生涯规划教育,尊重他们的个人需要,帮助他们根据军人职业特点及发展规律,增强主体意识,明确奋斗目标,有意识地培养自己的多种能力,为他们提供不断发展的机会,帮助他们实现个人目标以及为将来更好地适应社会做好准备,使他们的职业生涯有一个更完整的延续与发展。     

Environment-shaping: An Alternative Approach to Applying Foreign Development Assistance

Development assistance has a chequered past, in large part because planning for development assistance is historically such a fractured enterprise internally, and so disassociated from development assistance recipients’ assets and needs. The authors of environment-shaping offer an alternative development programme planning methodology that highlights above all else the ever-important relationship between development assistance and the environment into which it is offered. The authors employ an asset-based, rather than a traditional deficit-based, approach to assessing the environment for which development assistance will be formulated. The authors then highlight the power of perceptions in the creation of policy programming and in identifying and reinforcing opportunities for positive feedback loops within the recipient environment as critical to truly ‘sustainable’ development.     

Macro economic model study depending on simple ratios for environmental order plans in regional planning

Preparation of environmental order plans at map scales of 1/100,000 or 1/50,000 becomes compulsory for every province in Turkey after 2006. These plans can also be referred as regional plans or sub regional plans. In regional planning studies including ＂environmental order plans＂, existence and accuracy of numeric data and correct use of these data are vital factors to the success of regional plans. There are two main variables used in regional planning studies. These are Gross Domestic Product （GDP） values and employment values of various sectors. The success of the plans heavily depends on the success of correct determination and projection of these regional economic values. The use of economic data in regional planning studies is the main subject of this article.     

当代大学生职业生涯规划的现实考量及对策研究

大学生职业生涯规划是通过大学生的自我认识、自我肯定、自我成长,最终达到自我实现的个人发展过程。当前大学生职业生涯规划中存在着认识模糊、实践缺乏科学性、指导不得力等突出问题。我们可以从师资、政策、管理等方面入手,通过普及职业生涯规划理念,加强咨询和测评力度,构建科学的社会实践体系,帮助大学生实现自己的职业目标。     

人才发展与发展方式转变研究——以江苏省为例

本文运用人力资本理论、新经济增长理论,全面分析江苏人才发展与发展方式转变的基本现状、存在问题,提出了全国领先的科教与人才创新体系、高素质人才支撑体系、高端产业主导体系的目标框架,完善了人才发展与发展方式转变的现实路径和对策措施,较为系统地谋划了人才战略布局优先规划、人才结构优先调整、人才国际化优先推进、人才能力素质优先提高、人才环境优先营造、人才政策优先突破等政策措施。     

新型农村社区建设规划问题简论

新型农村社区建设规划在农村社区建设实践中具有重要地位.近年来,农村社区建设规划工作取得了一些成绩,但还存在不少问题.在新形势下,农村社区建设规划应该遵循以下基本原则：以人为本、服务发展、科学编制与实施.在规划编制与实施过程中要注意统筹兼顾、节约用地、突出特色、环保生态等问题.     

税收筹划应从小处做起

税收筹划是纳税人依据所涉及的现行税法，在遵守税法的前提下，对经营、投资、筹资等活动进行旨在减轻税负，实现财务目标的事先谋划和对策。如何实现“纳税最少”，个税应关注“临界点”和计算“盲区”，提前计算年终奖个税，合理避税。保证税金在企业账户内最大限度的保留、生息，实现“纳税最晚”。实现“纳税最巧妙”，最重要的就是要及时掌握国家和地方的税收政策，降低税负。     

The geography of metropolitan opportunity: A reconnaissance and conceptual framework

Abstract

We present a conceptual framework for metropolitan opportunity and a model of individual decision making about issues affecting youth's future socioeco‐nomic status. Decision making and its geographic context have objective and subjective aspects. Objective spatial variations occur in the metropolitan opportunity structure—social systems, markets, and institutions that aid upward mobility. Decisions are based on the decision‐maker's values, aspirations, preferences, and subjective perceptions of possible outcomes, which are all shaped by the local social network (e.g., kin, neighbors, and friends).

We also review the psychological literature on decision making. We hypothesize that the decision‐making method varies with the range of opportunities considered: Those with fewer options adopt a less considered method wherein mistakes and short‐term focus are more likely. Our review also finds empirical evidence that the local social network has an important effect on youth's decisions regarding education, fertility, work, and crime. Policy implications are discussed.     

内职业生涯规划：大学生提高自身素质的有效途径

大学生内职业生涯规划主要指个体对其从事职业应具备的理念、知识、能力、心理素质等要素的准备和塑造过程，是大学生职业生涯规划的重要部分。实施大学生内职业生涯规划是提高大学生素质有效途径，有利于激发大学生提高自身素质的自主性，有利于形成符合学生个体特殊性的素质提高方案和实施方法，有利于大学生素质协调发展和保持素质提升的可持续性。我们可以从个人努力、高校推进、国家鼓励三个层面推进大学生内职业生涯规划的实施，切实提升大学生素质。