民事诉讼的价值取向——公平与效率的权衡

本文认为 ,公平与效率是民事诉讼法设计与操作中恒久存在并冲突着的基本价值目标 ,其所描述和反映的是诉讼成本资源的配置状态的不同方面。在特定的社会、历史、文化条件下 ,应将具有主观色彩和不确定性的公平目标同具有可预测性的客观效率目标有机地结合起来 ,探索两者的最佳平衡点     

也论减价制度

减价是当事人一项选择性的救济权利，并且减价同时应该被理解为包括涨价在内。减价制度的意义在于维持合同的风险均衡，持续当事人的风险分配格局，激励或促进效率的履行和资源的效率配置。为此减价计算中的比例关系应是：履行时履行地不符合约定的履行与符合约定的履行的市场价格之比。减价的构成条件就是履行不符合约定且买方接受，实质就是买方接受了不符合约定的履行，所以此制度一般性地适用于各种违约救济，不限于特定类型的合同。由于存在减价与终止合同或主张赔偿的选择，减价出现的几率并不高。另外，减价不以修理、更换或重做等救济用尽为原则。     

商业受贿罪客观要件之我见

商业受贿罪的客观构成要件是一个颇具争议的问题。从国外立法和我国实际出发,在商业受贿罪客观构成要件中,“利用职务上的便利”既包括直接利用和间接利用,也包括利用过去职务之便和利用将来的职务之便;不应取消“为他人谋取利益”构成要素;“贿赂”应当包括财产性和非财产性利益。     

签字笔水、圆珠笔油红外发光特性的研究

目的记录不同激发光、接收滤光镜下,各种油墨红外发光强弱的程度,为文字检验提供基础性的研究。方法用多波段光源中510~650nm单色光激发各种油墨样本,全波段物证检验CCD系统记录样本在530~950nm接收滤光镜下出现的红外发光图像。结果多数油墨在接收滤光镜到达800~850nm时,呈现出强烈的红外发光状态,并随接收波段的上升而开始衰减。结论可利用某些油墨的发光与否,发光强与弱的特性,检验案件中涂改和涂抹字迹。     

文体学与20世纪中国报告文学研究

之所以建构一个兼容了叙述学、文化学和传播学等理论的文体学框架,是为了对20世纪中国报告文学的发展做出新的阐释.这一框架主要包括文体与文体学符码的理解,报告文学的体裁和语言体式、叙述模式、文化语境、文体的制作与传播等层面.阐释的意义在于,突破社会-历史批评定于一尊的传统研究格局,通过形式批评和价值批评的有机整合,显示新世纪报告文学研究的新维度.     

公安院校人才培养模式的构建

公安院校人才培养有一定的特殊性,结合当前教育理念和公安人才培养的目标,探讨公安院校“一实三强五双”人才培养模式,有利于丰富公安教育理论和指导人才培养实践。     

中共八大：从革命党向执政党转变的起点

八大是中国共产党执政后召开的第一次全国代表大会,是中国共产党的历史上一次里程碑式的会议。从历史的进程看,八大在党从革命党向执政党转变的过程中,具有重要的历史地位。八大是党从革命党向执政党转变的历史起点;八大是党的执政意识形成的起点;是执政目标制定的起点;是党的功能转型的起点。     

The use of melting point and refractive index determination to compare colourless polyester fibres

The incidence of polyesters encountered in forensic fibre examinations continues to increase. To meet different consumer needs such fibres can be subjected to many physical and chemical variations during production. Some of these variations are discussed. Accurate comparison of these fibres presents a particular problem to the forensic scientist. Melting point and refractive index determinations were made on various samples of colourless polyesters provided by different manufacturers to assess the comparative value of such information and to find out the possibility of relating it to modifications of the basic polymer. Melting points alone were found to be of little comparative value, but determination of both refractive indices n_∥ and n_⊥ does allow discrimination between samples. Consideration of both melting point and refractive index together may help to provide an insight into polymer variation, though this remains somewhat speculative.     

Detecting Spatial Movement of Intra-Region Crime Patterns Over Time

Many of the traditional measures of the degree to which crime patterns change over space and time have limitations. In particular most are unable to determine any change in spatial crime pattern within an areal unit. Usually studies measure the change in crime levels in contiguous areas (expressed as discrete sub-divisions of a study area), but this can become problematic due to difficulties such as the Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP). This paper describes a technique developed to allow researchers to examine intra-study region changes in crime patterns between two time periods without the need to aggregate crime counts to within-city areal boundaries. The method presented uses a random point nearest neighbor test combined with a Monte Carlo simulation. The process resolves problems of patterning and the MAUP that are common with a number of spatial displacement and pattern movement studies. This technique is demonstrated with example data from a city-wide police burglary crackdown in the Australian capital.     

FTIR图像—单点模式法无损鉴别不同品牌激光打印机墨粉色痕

利用傅里叶红外图像系统,采用单点模式对收集到的八种品牌激光打印机墨粉色痕进行红外扫描,采集样品红外光谱,并对其中两种样品红外光谱进行二阶导数运算,得到对应的二阶导数光谱。实验表明,该方法可有效区分不同品牌激光打印机墨粉色痕,并可为其他书写材料无损检验鉴定提供借鉴。