Victims’ motivations for reporting to the ‘fraud justice network’

ABSTRACT

It is well-established that (online) fraud has one of the lowest reporting rates across all crime categories. However, there is a large gap examining why some victims choose to report online fraud offenses. Therefore, this paper examines the under-researched group of online fraud victims who reported their crimes to authorities. Based on interviews with 80 victims across Australia, who lost at least AUD10,000 to online fraud, this paper demonstrates two motivations behind reporting: a sense of individual justice, and an altruistic notion of protecting others. The paper also highlights the negativity associated with the reporting process. The paper uses these findings to determine what can be learnt from the victims who were willing to report. It concludes with a discussion of the challenges evident in seeking to improve the confidence of victims reporting to authorities.     

Fostering the post-development debate: the Latin American concept of tecnologia social

This essay revisits the historical development of a concept – tecnologia social – as one avenue for discussing alternatives to post-development, arguing that the Western-based historical path of technology development is one of the main sources of growing human impoverishment, social inequalities and economic dependency. The concept of tecnologia social points towards political processes that create opportunities to redefine the arrangements among social groups, artefacts and methods used in everyday life, particularly for production and consumption. Because the post-development debate has been criticised for formulating a sound and strong critique to mainstream development but failing to propose concrete empirical alternatives, we seek to foster the debate through the Latin American concept of tecnologia social.     

Intersectoral Police Collaboration: An Exploratory View from the States

Modern policing in the United States is best conceived as a joint undertaking between public and private sectors. Over the last several decades there has been a gradual movement away from monopolistic state provision of police services toward a greater reliance on the private sector for protection and security. While the current activities of public and private police are well chronicled in the research literature, little is actually known about the coordination of policing activities across sectors. The purpose of this article is to describe the range of public-private police partnerships that have developed recently in the United States.     

The Impact of Ethical Leadership on Police Officers’ Code of Silence and Integrity: Results from the Turkish National Police

This study aims to investigate the perceived seriousness of integrity violations and the impact of ethical leadership on integrity and the code of silence by using structural equation modeling. The results suggested that integrity violations are regarded by Turkish officers as serious offenses, as they are perceived by their colleagues in other countries. The study also revealed the existence of the code of silence among police officers. Finally, it suggested that leadership positively affects the integrity of police officers and has a significant effect on breaking the code of silence in Turkey. Based on the findings, policy implications were discussed.     

基于十八大精神的陕西创新驱动发展战略路径研究

创新驱动是社会发展的不懈动力和永恒主题,陕西在当前经济发展过程中,由于要素驱动难以为继,投资驱动日显艰难,面临经济结构战略性调整,亟须转向创新驱动发展战略。为加速实施创新驱动发展战略,在确立创新驱动基本格局下,以科技创新为核心,搭建创新驱动平台,完善创新驱动机制是推动陕西创新驱动发展战略实现的必由之路。     

技术性：司法权威的一个内在面向

在当前我国司法实践不断呈现社会化发展趋势的时代背景下,热点司法个案已开始成为社会舆论所关注的焦点,相关的司法风险也在逐渐地呈现.就司法的社会公信力而言,中国司法似乎已经无奈地陷入到了塔西佗陷阱当中.在司法权威的建构上,中国司法迫切地需要在司法的技术性层面不断地努力.虽然司法技术并不构成公正司法的充分条件,但无疑却是必要条件和最低评价标准.对于司法权威而言,技术性乃是司法权威的一个内在面向,技术性司法权威的建构需要通过自身的不断努力来获得社会的普遍性认同.     

Digital Technology and Cultural Heritage Sites in the City of Tshwane

This article examines the feasibility and sustainability of digital technology to promote cultural heritage sites in the City of Tshwane (CoT), South Africa. Post-Apartheid development imperatives compel the CoT to construct new cultural sites. Over time, the number of visitors to the places declined. The CoT introduced digital technology to collect and repackage information on some of the cultural edifices to add value to them. However, the absence of heritage/digital technology impact analysis and cultural policy in the CoT could compromise the program. The article recommends further introduction of important facilities and services in the sites to increase public interest.     

Artistic enhancement in the production of photo-fit likenesses: An examination of its effectiveness in leading to suspect identification

Following a crime, witnesses are often asked by the police to construct a Photo-FIT likeness of the suspect. However, previous laboratory research has indicated that the quality of the likenesses produced can be very poor. This study investigated whether the artistic enhancement of the basic Photo-FIT by a skilled operator using a variety of techniques influenced the quality of the Photo-FIT impression produced, and in turn increased the likelihood of correct recognition from the Photo-FIT. Six professional police Photo-FIT operators produced one basic Photo-FIT which was not artistically enhanced in any way and one Photo-FIT which had been artistically enhanced. These two types of Photo-FIT were given to 105 police recruits who were required to identify which face that Photo-FIT represented from a photographic lineup of 12 ‘suspect’ photographs. Composites which had been enhanced were significantly more successful in leading to a correct identification than were basic composites which had not been enhanced. The implications of these findings for police procedure and practice in the employment of commercial composite systems are discussed.     

Characteristics associated with rape attrition and the role played by scepticism or legal rationality by investigators and prosecutors

Abstract

This paper reports a multidimensional scaling analysis of features associated with rape attrition by identifying key aspects of the rape that are associated with loss of cases at the stages of police investigation, prosecutors’ considerations and in court. The research utilized a case-file analysis (n=105) consisting of all rapes reported to one division within a large UK urban police force by females over the age of 16 from April 1998 to April 2003. In addition, interviews were conducted with police officers and Crown Prosecutors to explore their understanding of the reasons why attrition occurs. The findings illustrate the extent to which prejudicial attitudes and legal logic influence police officers’ and solicitors’ modes of thinking and subsequently influence decisions for rape cases to proceed to court. Methodological and practical issues are considered.