警察武力之善法良治——论警察武力法的正义价值标准

警察武力法的正义价值标准由标示正义价值方向的基本理念和标示正义价值尺度的基本原则两项基本要件分级承担并贯彻。中国警察武力法有:社会正义与法律正义有机统一、保权与控权有机统一和价值、规范、事实有机统一三个居位"法上之法"的基本理念和危害行为与武力行为法定、危害行为与武力行为相当、武力行为克减和多样化和正当程序四个居位"法上之法"的基本原则。上述基本理念和基本原则,对系统理解、把握中国警察使用武力的基本原则和构成要件、各种规范的内在关连性,以及构思未来的、"应然"的中国警察武力立法具有不可或缺的重要意义。     

Small arms and light weapons: the disjunction problem

ABSTRACT

Growing in range and urgency, humanitarian needs now pose increasingly acute questions for national security policy formulation. Whether over forced migration, food scarcity or nefarious electronic penetration, state security preferences face uneasy accommodations with individual needs be it for child survival, basic sustenance or rights to privacy. This paper deliberates a further field of increasingly apparent value contest: that involving the transfer, diversion and lethal use of small arms and light weapons (SALW). After outlining the scale of this phenomenon, existing regulatory mechanisms over SALW transfers are assessed. It is argued that these controls are inadequate, a deficiency that is embedded within a range of inter-linked disjunctions. They are outlined in a model that is evaluated against empirical findings. Where SALW control inadequacy is causally connected to the disjunctive model, it is argued, current levels of SALW-induced casualties are unlikely to abate. The paper concludes by considering feasible options for enhanced management of global SALW proliferation.     

Violence in the city that belongs to no one: urban distinctiveness and interconnected insecurities in Nairobi (Kenya)

ABSTRACT

Rapid urbanisation in the global South has prompted attention to the causes and dynamics of urban violence. Yet, much research tends to either analyse urban violence without attention to the broader conflict complexes of which it forms a part, neglecting linkages between different forms of urban violence and between urban and rural dynamics, or conversely study violence in cities without acknowledging the particularities of the urban context. In this article, we conceptualise urban violence, theorise how it is shaped by urban dynamics and explore its manifestations in Nairobi, Kenya. We find that while Nairobi is not uniquely violent inside Kenya, violence takes on distinct urban forms given city-level processes, and also that urban violence has led to policies that increase securitisation and militarisation of the city. Our analysis thus improves knowledge of how criminal and political violence is shaped by and shapes the stability of developing cities.     

A Qualitative Assessment of Stress Perceptions Among Members of a Homicide Unit

Existing research on stress among police assumes the presence of uniform stressors across job roles and borrows upon generic stress instruments to tap stress types and levels. The present study draws upon interviews with 26 members of a metropolitan homicide unit to provide an inductive vantage point on stress perceptions within a specialized area of policing. We provide evidence that the occupational and organizational forms of stress detailed by these officers are shaped largely by the unique nature of homicide work. Among the unique task-related stressors observed include the complexities of homicide crime scenes, time pressures, cases assignment factors, paperwork demands, and long-term ownership over individual case files. A series of structural issues from both within and outside the police agency are identified as organizational stressors unique to homicide work. We conclude with a proposed theory of homicide investigator stress and implications for future research.     

对基层公安民警教育培训的思考

现在的公安民警教育培训机制落后,针对性不强,已经不适应社会转型的需要。提高公安机关防控能力,并使每个民警真正做到“三懂”、“四会”,就必须改进创新现在的培训机制、培训模式、培训内容及培训理念,在理论、技术、解惑等诸多方面提高公安民警的素质。     

警察在干预自杀事件中的作用

自杀是一个严重的社会问题。面对当前日益严峻的自杀问题,警察作为维护国家安全、维护社会治安秩序、保护人民生命财产安全的重要力量,在多数情况下是自杀现场的第一处置人员。因此,正确认识自身在处理自杀事件中的角色,掌握恰当的干预自杀的方法与技巧,对于警察来说是极其重要的。     

公安学、警察学及其相互关系

公安即社会安全 (Socialsafety) ,是指人类社会的安全、稳定和秩序。公安学 (Socialsafetytheory)是关于人类社会安全问题的学问 ,研究什么是人类社会的安全 ,为什么人类社会会出现安全问题 ,怎样才能实现人类社会的安全 ,其主要范畴有安全、稳定、秩序和与之对应的战争、动乱、恐怖、灾害等。警察是指对人类社会的安全、稳定和秩序的守护 ,即对于侵害社会安全的事物的预防、察知、警报和即时抗击。警察学 (policetheory)是关于如何预防、察知、警报和即时抗击侵害社会安全的事物的学问 ,研究什么是警察 ,为什么要警察 ,怎样警察 ,其主要范畴有警察、安全、危害、犯罪等。公安学与警察学是两个区别很大的学科 ,但两者间的联系也不能忽视。     

组建我国网络警察的几点思考

随着我国互联网事业的飞速发展,网络犯罪活动也日趋严重,对商业秘密和国家安全构成了严重威胁.尽快组建我国的网络执法专门队伍,对维护网络安全,有力地打击网络犯罪十分必要.     

西部大开发法制环境创建中的警察管理

西部大开发,法制是保障.西部大开发法制环境创建中,警察管理应把维护社会稳定和民族团结、惩治毒品违法犯罪、建设较高素质的警察力量作为重点,自觉地服务于西部大开发.     

实施社区和农村警务战略的难点与对策

实施社区和农村警务战略,是公安机关主动适应新形势新任务的要求,立足自身实际,不断增强自身战斗力的重要举措,但是在实践中,存在认识不足、公安决策和公安管理体制滞后、群众参与不够、民警素质有待于进一步提高等诸多问题。对此,应采取建立服务群众的工作机制,改革现行的公安管理体制和公安决策运行机制,加大对民警的培训力度,充分整合社会资源等对策。