当前我国政策过程中公民否决现象论析

本文整理了二十多个案例,从否决者、否决点、否决权等角度对当前我国公民否决政策现象的特征进行了描述,并依照否决在政策过程中的阶段、被否决政策涉及利益的范围或领域等标准进行了分类。文章提出公民否决政策是现代政治生活的常态政治形式之一,并且运用"自主性国家-结构-能动"分析框架对公民否决政策的发生机制进行了初步解释,提出的原则性政策建议是非政治化处理。     

社会质量理论与社会政策转型

一些学者认为，进入21世纪后，中国公共政策的重心实现了从经济政策向社会政策的历史性跨越，更确切地说是正逐步迈向社会政策时代。我国社会政策尽管获得了空前发展，但由于结构限制和路径依赖，依然面临政府责任缺失、城乡二元分治、碎片化等现实困境。社会质量理论以“和谐社会”为理论视角和价值取向，从社会经济保障、社会整合、社会融入、社会增能四个方面出发，构建起衡量社会质量的可操作的综合性指标，对构建和谐社会，实现社会政策的转型具有积极的借鉴意义。     

Policy Inertia and the Persistence of Systemic Fragility

Many observers have diagnosed a fundamental shift in financial regulation since the 2008 crisis. In contrast, this article argues that changes have mostly been superficial. The ideas underpinning regulation have been adapted rather than overturned. Our financial system remains highly fragile, even if exceptionally loose monetary policy obscures such fragility temporarily. Governments show little appetite to correct the lopsided relationship between the financial sector and the real economy and turn the sector into a reliable engine of prosperity and stability rather than a continued source of systemic risk.     

Orphan drug incentives in the pharmacogenomic context: policy responses in the US and Canada

Advances in pharmacogenomic research and increasing industry interest in personalized medicine have important implications for the way that orphan drug policies are interpreted and applied. Concerns have been raised about the potential impact of pharmacogenomics and new genomic technologies on our understanding of how disease categories are delineated, and subsequently, how the concept of rare disease should be defined for the purposes of orphan drug policies. This article considers whether orphan drug legislation can be drafted in a way that will maximize benefits and minimize concerns relating to the impact of pharmacogenomics on orphan drug research and development. After reviewing the issues that may arise at the intersection of orphan drug policies and pharmacogenomics, this article will discuss the potential impact of pharmacogenomics at two critical points: orphan designation and approval of the drug product. At each of these points, the relevant aspects of current US orphan drug legislation are examined, focusing on the extent to which recent amendments may address concerns that have been raised previously. This analysis will then provide the foundation for a critical review and recommendations regarding the proposed new Canadian orphan drug framework.     

“Those Are Our People and That's Our Family”: Wabanaki Perspectives on Child Welfare Practice in Their Communities

In collaboration with the Maine Wabanaki-State Child Welfare Truth and Reconciliation Commission Convening Group, this study explored perspectives of Wabanaki community members and tribal child welfare staff on state child welfare involvement in Wabanaki communities. Qualitative analysis of three focus groups found that participants perceived fundamental differences between what guides the work of tribal child welfare staff and state child welfare staff, as well as differences in understanding the profound impact of removing a child from the community. These findings are suggested to be elements of a Wabanaki counter-narrative that contrasts with the historical dominant narrative about Native families and children.     

农业产业化中的税收政策研究

"三农"问题始终是关系党和人民事业发展的全局性和根本性问题。税收作为一项重要的政策工具,是增加农民收入的有效手段,必须积极地配合其他政策在促进农业产业化方面有所作为。如何进一步发挥税收在促进农业产业化快速发展中的积极作用,是新时期推进"三农"工作需要不断探索的一个重要课题。     

我国职务犯罪刑事政策之思考

面对日益猖獗的职务犯罪,我国当前采用的是"厉而不严"的刑事政策,表现为死刑规定存在立案标准低、刑法规制范围不严、法定刑幅度过大、罚金刑和资格刑缺失。这种刑事政策模式过分夸大了刑法及重刑对治理犯罪的作用,减损了犯罪的治理效果并且不具有惩治和预防犯罪的功能。因此,我国职务犯罪的刑事政策应由"厉而不严"转向"严而不厉":通过拓宽刑法规制范围、细化法定刑幅度、增设罚金刑、资格刑来实现职务犯罪刑事政策之"严";通过废除死刑、提高立案标准来实现职务犯罪刑事政策之"不厉"。     

司法政策论要——基于行政诉讼的考察

司法政策作为国家处理司法问题的一种导向或立场、态度,是司法机关所制定的对司法活动进行指引和规范的规则,体现了司法机关对司法活动以及司法机关的角色所表达的基本观点和态度。法院审理案件的过程实际上是徘徊在法律与司法政策、政府与民众、个人利益与公共利益之间进行利益衡量、价值衡量的过程。司法政策内在本质上兼具了政治性与司法性的特质,外在表现为灵活性、平衡性、统一性、开放性、动态性。司法政策具有指引、补充、协调、创制、试验等功能。由于缺乏稳定、成熟的司法哲学作为支撑,过于强调或突出司法政策对司法实践的作用,会影响法律的权威地位,易对法治建设造成一定的负面影响。制定与实施司法政策的核心命题就是要处理法律与司法政策的关系,目前已形成司法政策代替法律、司法政策改变法律、司法政策补充法律这三种模式。     

改革开放以来执政文化自觉的内在逻辑

改革开放以来,中国共产党执政文化自觉的最伟大成果就是坚持中国特色社会主义道路,形成了中国特色社会主义理论体系。对中国特色社会主义理论体系加以解析,我们可以发现一个内在的执政文化自觉的逻辑结构:邓小平理论实现了执政文化形态自觉,"三个代表"重要思想实现了执政文化主体自觉,科学发展观实现了执政文化内涵自觉。     

论防制假冒伪劣商品犯罪的刑事政策

我国防制假冒伪劣商品犯罪的刑事政策自改革开放初期至今，经历了从严厉惩治的对策到宽严相济刑事政策的演变过程。针对假冒伪劣商品犯罪贯彻宽严相济刑事政策，要合理认识假冒伪劣商品犯罪的社会危害性，妥当处理报应与预防相统一的问题，并理性地看待《刑法》对防制假冒伪劣商品犯罪的实际作用。在具体贯彻中，应当正确认识和运用“严惩源头”的刑事政策，注意长期坚持从严惩处的刑事政策，同时也要济之以宽，做到“严中有宽”，常态化地惩治和防范制售假冒伪劣商品的犯罪。