超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定尿液中16种抗生素

目的 建立同时分析尿液中16种抗生素的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS、MS)方法.方法 以哌拉西林为内标.尿样中的目标化合物经Oasis HLB固相萃取柱富集、纯化,利用ZORBAX SB-C18色谱柱,以0.1%的甲酸溶液-乙腈为流动相经梯度洗脱分离,采用多反应监测(MRM)模式进行分析.结果各化合物的最低...     

固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法测定全血中多塞平

目的建立固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱（SPE-LC-MS/MS）分析全血中多塞平的方法。方法以阿米替林为内标,全血样品经固相萃取处理后,通过液相色谱-串联质谱技术进行检测（电喷雾离子源正离子方式,多反应监测模式）。监测离子对m/z多塞平为280→107、280→235、280→220,阿米替林为278→233。多塞平和阿米替林的保留时间分别为15.15min和16.94min。结果全血中多塞平在0.005～1.00μg/mL质量浓度范围内呈线性关系,线性方程为y=3.2047x＋0.0339,相关系数（r）=0.9996,检出限为0.001μg/mL;平均提取回收率为78.0%～82.9%,日内精密度〈2.55%,日间精密度〈5.90%。结论本方法快速简便、灵敏、重现性好,适用于全血中多塞平的检测。     

气/质联用法检测鱼藤中鱼藤酮

目的建立气相色谱/质谱联用法检测鱼藤中鱼藤酮的方法。方法将鱼藤根净化处理后使用三氯甲烷浸提,提取液浓缩后经FINNIGAN POLARIS Q型GC/MS气质联用仪检测。结果通过质谱库匹配检出鱼藤酮。结论本方法操作简便、结果准确,易于推广应用,适用于鱼藤酮的检测。     

‘The sleep has been rubbed from their eyes’: social citizenship and the reproduction of local hierarchies in rural Hungary and Romania

In this paper, we make three interrelated points. First, while much of the recent literature on new forms of citizenship has focused on the diversity of large cities and new forms of migration, we seek to establish rural sites as important arenas for negotiating citizenship. We stress that far from being homogeneous, villages in their struggles over belonging are affected by long-standing diversity as well as global discourses. Second, we seek to complicate the interpretation of the demise of socialism as a radical break manifested in a diminished role of the state. We show that if the central state retreats, local state actors may gain in importance for local negotiations of citizenship. Third, we explore how the local state actors sometimes use their new powers over social rights to recreate boundaries of belonging through public performances tied to the administration of these rights. We go on to explore the normative basis for these performances and indicate that membership is still based on a contribution of work to the common good. This can best be conceptualised as a shifting continuity rather than a sharp break after 1989.     

Dual citizenship and theories of democracy

Dual/multiple citizenship has become a widespread phenomenon in many parts of the world. This acceptance or tolerance of overlapping memberships in political communities represents an important element in the ongoing readjustment of the relationship between citizens and political communities in democratic systems. This article has two goals and parts. First, it evaluates dual citizenship from the perspective of five normative theories of democracy. Liberal and republican as well as multicultural and deliberative understandings of democracy deliver a broad spectrum of arguments in favour of dual citizenship. Only communitarians fear that dual citizenship endangers national democracies. Nevertheless, empirical evidence and national policies largely contradict these fears. The second part of the article reverses the perspective and shows that most theories of democracy do not only legitimate and facilitate the acceptance of dual citizenship – the phenomenon of multiple citizenships induces innovation in democratic theory in turn. A second look at the relationship between dual citizenship and theories of democracy reveals that dual citizenship stimulates refinements, expansions and reconceptualisations of these theories for a transnationalising world.     

The detection of multiply charged dyes using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry for the forensic examination of pen ink dyes directly from paper

Abstract:  Laser desorption mass spectrometry (LDMS) is emerging as a technique for questioned document examination. Its use is limited to detecting ink dyes that are neutral or singly charged. Several inks contain dyes that are multiply charged and LDMS cannot be employed for their identification. We have successfully detected >20 polyionic dyes that can be used in the manufacture of inks using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS, directly from paper, with the matrix, 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo)benzoic acid (HABA), and the additive, diammonium hydrogen citrate (DAHC). For example, Acid Violet 49, a charged dye containing one positively-charged site and two negatively charged sulfonate groups, cannot be detected by LDMS, but forms intact, singly charged ions in the MALDI MS experiment. The method described is also useful for identifying multiply charged dye mixtures that are used in modern pen inks.     

The Future of Consumer Web Data: A European/US Perspective

The article considers the subject of clickstream data from aEuropean/US perspective, taking into account the Data ProtectionFramework (Data Protection Directive 95/46/EC; Directive onPrivacy and Electronic Communications 2002/58/EC) and the USlegal framework and in particular, the Wiretap Act U.S.C. 2701(2004) and related statutes. It examines the extent to whichclickstream data is considered "personal data" within the DataProtection Directive and the implications to consumers and businesses.     

The law and the sublime: Rethinking the self and its boundaries

Christine Battersby has argued that it is Kant (and not Descartes) who provides the paradigm model of what it is to be a self in modernity. The Kantian self is established in opposition to its other. The body is commonly envisaged as a container, with selfhood as something that is defended against the outside. In contrast, she proposes a feminist reworking of such a model of selfhood, applicable to both men and women, in which the self and other emerge over time through patterns of relationality. This paper introduces Battersby’s work by focusing upon her early analysis of Kantian aesthetics, in particular the sublime. The aim is to draw out some of the legal and political implications of her work, particularly with regard to the common law’s developing conception of privacy. This is carried out by distinguishing her ontological position from the psychology of Carol Gilligan and then by considering the overlapping concerns of Jennifer Nedelsky in the area of legal theory.

Anforderungen an einen Europäischen Vollstreckungstitel für unbestrittene Forderungen

Eine Entscheidung, die im Ursprungsmitgliedstaat als Europ?ischer Vollstreckungstitel (EuVT) best?tigt wurde, wird in anderen Mitgliedstaaten anerkannt und vollstreckt, ohne dass es einer Vollstreckbarerkl?rung bedarf und ohne dass die Anerkennung angefochten werden kann. Nach der EuVTVO (Art 21 Abs 1) wird nur noch die Verletzung der Rechtskraft einer Vorentscheidung unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen als Grund für die Verweigerung der Vollstreckung normiert. Dagegen kann weder die Zustellung der zu vollstreckenden Entscheidung noch ein allf?lliger Versto? gegen den ordre public des Vollstreckungsstaats in diesem überprüft werden, wie § 21 Abs 2 EuVTVO unmissverst?ndlich klarstellt. Dass die Best?tigung als EuVT an den Schuldner zuzustellen w?re, wird in der EuVTVO nicht angeordnet. Art 20 Abs 1 lit c EuVTVO verlangt "gegebenenfalls" eine übersetzung der Best?tigung in die Amtssprache des Vollstreckungsmitgliedstaats. Berücksichtigt man, dass es nicht von den Sprachkenntnissen des Entscheidungsorgans im Vollstreckungsmitgliedstaat im Einzelfall abh?ngen darf, ob die in der EuVTVO verlangte übersetzung beizubringen ist oder nicht, ist es angebracht, streng vorzugehen, zumal die formalen Voraussetzungen an einen Exekutionsbewilligungsantrag nach der genannten Verordnung ohnedies auf das Mindestma? reduziert wurden. Demnach muss – sieht man von der W?hrungsbezeichnung, die aber nach dem Formular ohnedies nicht schriftlich angegeben werden müsste, ab – immer dann eine übersetzung angeschlossen werden, wenn die in der fremden Sprache ausgestellte Originalbest?tigung samt Unterschrift nach Art 20 EuVTVOW?rter dieser Fremdsprache enth?lt. Dieses Erfordernis müsste nur dann nicht erfüllt werden, wenn eine vom Titelgericht vollst?ndig in deutscher Sprache ausgefüllte Best?tigung vorl?ge.     

Age estimation by pulp/tooth ratio in canines by peri-apical X-rays

Estimation of age in individuals has received considerable attention in forensic science, in which it is a widely used method for individual identification, together with paleo-demographic analyses to establish mortality patterns in past populations. The present investigation, which is a continuation of a previously published pilot study, was conducted to examine the possible application of the pulp/tooth area ratio by peri-apical images as an indicator of age at death. A total of 200 peri-apical X-rays of upper and lower canines were assembled from 57 male and 43 female skeletons of Caucasian origin, aged between 20 and 79 years. They belong to the Frassetto osteological collection of Sassari (Sardinia) and are housed in the Museum of Anthropology, Department of Experimental and Evolutionistic Biology, University of Bologna. For each skeleton, dental maturity was evaluated by measuring the pulp/tooth area ratio on upper (x(1)) and lower (x(2)) canines. Very good agreement was found between intraobserver measurements. Statistical analysis was performed in order to obtain multiple regression formulae for dental age calculation, with chronological age as dependent variable, and gender, and upper and lower canines as independent variables. Stepwise regression analysis showed that gender did not contribute significantly to the fit (p=0.881) whereas variables x(1) and x(2) and the first-order interaction between them did. These two variables explained 92.5% of variations in estimated chronological age and the residual standard error was 4.06 years. Lastly, two simple linear regression equations were obtained for age estimation using canines from the maxilla and mandible separately. Both models explained 86% of variations in estimated chronological age and allowed an age-at-death estimate with a residual standard error of about 5.4 years.