流动人口出租屋治安管理对策——结合葫芦岛市连山区调查情况

租赁房屋暂住是流动人口的基本居住方式,利用出租房屋实施违法犯罪已成为当前流动人口违法犯罪活动发生的主要场所和归宿。文章结合对葫芦岛市连山区流动人口出租屋情况的调查,探讨了流动人口出租屋的治安问题及其治理对策。     

流动不稳定人口违法状况及治安管理对策

流动人口中没有稳定职业和固定住所的不稳定人群已经在流入地形成了比较严重的治安隐患。因此,应当在庞大的流动人口中重点加强对不稳定人群的管理,在总结流动不稳定人口违法状况的基础上,提出相应的治安管理对策。     

Genetic polymorphisms of 16 X-STR loci in the Hani population from Southwest China

X chromosomal short tandem repeats (X-STRs) have the characteristics of both autosomal and uniparental genetic markers and have been shown to be particularly useful in forensic casework. However, relevant research or reports have not focused on X-STRs in the Hani population. To investigate the genetic variation and forensic efficiency of 16 X-STR loci in the Hani ethnic minority, we calculated the allele frequencies and forensic parameters of 451 (116 males and 335 females) unrelated healthy Hani individuals from Yunnan Province, Southwest China. All these loci are highly polymorphic in Hani individuals in Yunnan Province except DXS6800. The combined power of discrimination in males (PD_M) and power of discrimination in females (PD_F) were found to be 0.999 999 998 433 993 and 0.999 999 999 999 998, respectively. Furthermore, a population genetic structure investigation between the Yunnan Hani population and another 18 populations was performed using a principal component analysis, multidimensional scaling plot and neighbouring-joining phylogenetic tree and the findings illustrated that neighbouring populations and different nationalities in the same area appeared to have a closer evolutionary relationship. This study provides the first batch of X chromosome genetic polymorphism data of the Hani population in Yunnan Province, Southwest China and enriches the reference database of the Chinese minority population.

Key points

• This is the first study of X-STR in the Hani population.
• We calculated the allele frequencies and forensic parameters of 451 unrelated healthy Hani individuals from Yunnan Province, Southwest China.
• All these loci are highly polymorphic in Hani individuals in Yunnan Province except DXS6800.
• The genetic relationship between the Hani and other 18 nationalities was analyzed.
• This study provides the first batch of X chromosome genetic polymorphism data of the Hani population in Yunnan Province, Southwest China and enriches the reference database of the Chinese minority population.

     

邓小平人口思想浅析

邓小平从战略高度认识到人口数量超过我国经济社会发展水平是我国最基本的国情和矛盾,主张必须坚决控制人口增长;同时要通过教育解决人口素质低下的问题,开发人力资源,实现经济发展模式转型;强调要牢固树立人均观念,走非传统的可持续的现代化发展道路。他的人口思想对我国人口政策的制定和实施产生了重要的影响。     

用酶免疫斑点法快速检测精浆特异蛋白P_(30)鉴定人精斑

作者用自制的辣根过氧化物酶标记的抗精浆特异蛋白P_(30) 单克隆抗体,建立了简便快速检测精斑中P_(30) 鉴定人精斑的斑点法。通过颜色变化判定结果,阳性为紫蓝色斑点,阴性为无色。结果表明,仅人类精斑和前列腺浸液出现阳性斑点,人体其他体液及组织器官浸液均为阴性。对动物血、精斑也无交叉反应。标定精斑稀释到1600倍亦可得到阳性结果。     

特定非金融领域反腐败洗钱的现状与对策

腐败洗钱分为放置、离析、合并三阶段,并且已经呈现出从金融领域渗透至非金融领域的趋势。非金融领域的洗钱行为愈发隐蔽、复杂和专业化。赌场、房地产企业、高价值物品交易商、律师、会计师等利用其自身优势和专业知识为腐败洗钱提供了有利条件。因此,防止特定非金融领域的腐败洗钱,要将特定的非金融机构纳入反腐败洗钱的义务主体,规定反腐败洗钱义务的内容,建立反洗钱激励和补偿机制并制定相应的惩戒措施,以遏制腐败进一步蔓延。     

Mandibular ramus: an indicator for sex in fragmentary mandible

Mandible is the hardest and most durable bone of the skull exhibiting a high degree of sexual dimorphism. Especially ramus of mandible is subjected to greater stress than any other bone of the skull because of the process of mastication. This study has been performed to establish the osteometric standards for practical use in forensic context over Indian population using mandibular ramus. The sample consists of 116 mandibles of Northern Indian population (M:F; 92:24, mean age 37.4 years), collected from the Department of Forensic Medicine, IMS, BHU, Varanasi. Osteometric informations about five metric parameters (coronoid height, projective height, condylar height, and maximum breadth and minimum breadth of ramus) were taken with sliding calipers. These parameters were subjected to different discriminant function analysis using SPSS 16.0. All parameters showed significant sexual dimorphism (p < 0.001 in all cases) with an overall accuracy of 80.2%, and coronoid height was the single best parameter providing an accuracy of 74.1%.     

Identification of group affinity from cross-sectional contours of the human midfacial skeleton using digital morphometrics and 3D laser scanning technology

Identifying group affinity from human crania is a long-standing problem in forensic and physical anthropology. Many craniofacial differences used in forensic skeletal identification are difficult to quantify, although certain measurements of the midfacial skeleton have shown high predictive value for group classifications. This study presents a new method for analyzing midfacial shape variation between different geographic groups. Three-dimensional laser scan models of 90 crania from three populations were used to obtain cross-sectional midfacial contours defined by three standard craniometric landmarks. Elliptic Fourier transforms of the contours were used to extract Fourier coefficients for statistical analysis. After cross-validation, discriminant functions based on the Fourier coefficients provided an average of 86% correct classifications for crania from the three groups. The high rate of accuracy of this method indicates its usefulness for identifying group affinities among human skeletal remains and demonstrates the advantages of digital 3D model-based analysis in forensic research.     

Rapid direct PCR for ABO blood typing

Many different molecular typing methods have been reported to complement routine serological ABO blood typing in forensics. However, these ABO genotyping methods are often time-consuming and call for an initial DNA isolation step that requires the use of expensive kits or reagents. We report here a rapid direct ABO genotyping method that eliminates the need for DNA extraction from fresh blood, hair, and body fluid stains before PCR. Using a fast PCR instrument and an optimized polymerase, the genotyping method-which employs a multiplex allele-specific primer set for the simultaneous detection of three single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) sites (nucleotides 261, 526, and 803)-identifies A, B, O01/O02, O03, and cis-AB01 alleles in around 70 min from sample collection to electropherogram. Not only will this ABO genotyping method be efficiently used in forensic practice for rapid screening of samples before full-blown multilocus short tandem repeat profiling, but it will also demonstrate an example of rapid direct genotyping of SNPs that offers the advantages of time- and cost-efficiency, convenience, and reduced contamination during DNA analysis.     

流动人口犯罪对策研究

随着城市化进程的推进,大量流动人口涌进城市,随之而来的是居高不下的流动人口犯罪,流动人口犯罪成为危及城市社会稳定的重要因素。因此,深刻剖析流动人口犯罪的现状和原因,并提出有针对性的对策成为当务之急。