法律规范与个案裁判基本矛盾的法哲学分析

法律规范与个案裁判的矛盾贯彻于司法审判的全过程。两者的矛盾体现在 :抽象与具体 ,一般与个别 ,静态与动态 ,而法官通过对案件的审理探求公正判决的活动正是以解决规范与裁判的对立统一为己任。     

Prison population growth and crime reduction

The impact of state prison populations on crime is typically estimated by applying the lambda, the individual crime rate, of prisoners or arrestees. We outline the problems with this approach, attempt to reanalyze the widely divergent lambdas derived in past research, and make adjustments necessary to use lambdas for estimating the incapacitation impact. The result is an uncertain estimate of 16 to 25 index crimes averted per year per each additional prisoner. We argue that regression analysis can provide a better estimate of the impact of prison population growth. Applying the Granger test to pooled state data over 19 years, we found that prison population growth leads to lower crime rates but that crime rate changes have little or no short-term impact on prison population growth. Next we regressed crime rates on prison population and conclude that, on average, at least 17 index crimes are averted per additional prisoner. The impact is limited mainly to property crime.     

中国汉族人群15个STR基因座的等位基因频率调查

目的 调查10071名中国汉族无关个体15个STR基因座的等位基因的类型及其频率，并与以往相关文献报道的汉族群体资料进行统计比较。方法 应用PowerPlex~(TM)16荧光标记复合扩增系统，对10071份中国汉族无关个体的血样DNA进行15个STR基因座的复合扩增；用ABI 377或3100遗传分析仪对扩增产物进行分型，统计15个STR基因座的基因频率。结果 15个STR基因座共发现226个等位基因，频率在0.0001～0.5512；除D8S1179基因座外，其它基因座均发现稀有等位基因，数目1～7个不等，共34个。在中国汉族人群，稀有D21S11基因座的等位基因32.1和36.2，D18S51基因座的等位基因15.2和17.2，Penta E基因座的等位基因15.2、17.4、18.4、19.4、26和27，D7S820基因座的等位基因9.2、10.1、11.1和15，Penta D基因座的等位基因18、19和20，TPOX基因座的等位基因14，FGA基因座的等位基因13，以及较常见但欧洲稀有的D21S11基因座的等位基因30.3和D7S820基因座的等位基因9.1和9.2等均为首次报道。结论 大样本基因频率调查有利于观察STR基因座的稀有等位基因；本研究结果与以往相关文献报道的结果有不同程度的差异。     

影响我国全面建设小康社会的五大人口问题

人口问题是影响我国全面建设小康社会的一个具有全局性的重大问题。经济增长对其核心要素资本、劳动力、技术、人力资本、自然资源和产业结构变迁的需求 ,都受着人口问题的制约和影响。人口增长、老龄化、剩余劳动力、体能素质和人力资本等方面的问题是影响经济增长的五大人口问题。因此 ,必须致力于稳定低生育水平 ,提高出生人口素质 ,而最根本的则在于解放生产力 ,依靠经济的发展。     

抗GC血清的制备及鉴定

作者用分离纯化的GC蛋白免疫新西兰兔制备了抗GC血清。鉴定结果表明,抗GC血清与进口商品抗GC血清特异性相同;与人血清其他蛋白没有交叉反应。琼脂双向扩散法测得抗血清效价为128;可检出GC蛋白的最低浓度为3.1μg/ml。免疫电泳法可测出入血清三种GC表型。     

论高危人群管控系统建设

下岗失业人群、外来流动人群是我国的两类高危人群。高危人群引发了大量的治安问题,我们应当加强高危人群管控系统建设,重点建立网上源头信息管理机制、网上作战机制,网上管制机制,全面提升信息化应用水平。     

论行政强制法的比例原则及在我国的实践

比例原则是行政法的核心原则之一。行政强制行为可以分为行政强制措施和行政强制执行两种类型。我国的行政强制制度在实践中还存在不少问题。有鉴于此 ,我国的《行政强制法》需要明确并贯彻依循比例原则。     

Malawi’s land problem and potential for rural conflict

Government agricultural policies which favour large-scale agriculture and rapid population growth on a limited land area have combined to create a situation of land poverty in many parts of Malawi, especially in the southern region of the country. The government’s response to land poverty has so far been focused on the creation of resettlement schemes. As such initiatives are expensive, they have tended to be piecemeal and benefit only a small fraction of land poor families. Frustrated land poor families have now resorted to land encroachment on privately held land. The emergence of movements dedicated to the restoration of estates to families with ancestral claims to the land marks a new stage in land relations which could have unwelcome consequences.     

INCARCERATION AND POPULATION HEALTH IN WEALTHY DEMOCRACIES*

Everywhere you look, incarceration seems to be doing harm. Research has implicated incarceration not only in worse outcomes for individuals, their families, and their communities but also in growing inequality. Yet incarceration may not always harm society—even if it does harm those who experience it. To consider this possibility, I build an argument demonstrating how the macro‐level consequences of incarceration may be distinctively harmful in the United States, focusing on the incarceration–health relationship as one indicator of a broader phenomenon. I then test my hypothesis by using an unbalanced panel data set including 21 developed democracies (N = 414) and a series of ordinary least‐squares models predicting three measures of population health as a function of incarceration. Models including only a main effect of incarceration demonstrate an inverse association between changes in incarceration and changes in population health. Models including an incarceration by U.S. interaction, however, indicate that the population health consequences of changes in incarceration are far worse in the United States than elsewhere. Taken together, the results indicate that the United States is exceptional for both its rate of incarceration and its effects of incarceration, although it is unclear what drives this exceptionalism in effects.