Stigmatized cohabitation in the Latvian region of the eastern Baltic littoral: nineteenth and twentieth centuries

The social history of coresidence arrangements in the Latvian region suggests that forms of cohabitation without marriage were present in the Latvian population since the eighteenth century when empirical evidence became available. Before the twentieth century, however, these forms remained marginal and seldom involved choice. The subject of severe criticism until the 1960s–1970s, such forms become more widespread thereafter as the Latvian population began to exhibit many key features of a second demographic revolution. Post-Soviet censuses now suggest that such coresidence patterns in the Latvian population approach the levels of those in most western European states, including the Scandinavian countries.     

The “Europeanization” of the Basel process: Financial harmonization between globalization and parliamentarization

Public policy initiatives aimed at the prevention of future financial crises originate with global harmonization in the form of executive standards issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision. This article explores the role of the European Parliament (EP) in the process of adapting the standards in European Union legislation passed in 2013 as the Capital Requirements Regulation/Capital Requirements Directive IV. Unlike accounts casting the EP as increasingly dependent upon outside sources in order to meet its enhanced legislative role, we find it increasingly dexterous in developing and using in‐house policy ideas, expertise, and not least a common sense of institutional purpose. Notable EP successes in final legislation include (but are not restricted to) a headline cap on bankers' bonuses in the face of entrenched business and national interests. The argument is developed by drawing upon a broad range of interviews together with other primary and secondary sources, tracing the contribution of the EP from the early stages of agenda‐setting through to the development of an “esprit de corps” among the committee lead team which survived intact throughout the “black box” of trilogue negotiations. Besides illuminating the notoriously opaque trilogue process, the analysis also contributes to contemporary debates about whether the EP's increased legislative powers are resulting in a shift away from its traditional allegiances with diffuse interests toward a greater engagement with producer sources in order to fulfill requirements for policy expertise.     

危机预警中的政府信息管理与调控——基于人口安全预警系统的研究

对预警信息的科学调控能够有效提升危机预警工作质量。本文以人口安全预警系统为例,建构了预警系统参与要素协作模型和预警临界值选择模型。在此基础上,从信息要素与信息流角度分析了预警系统的整体构成、要素协作机制与信号表达机制,并进而反思了危机预警中的政府信息管理角色和信息调控模式,提出了提升预警预测精度和时间效率的途径与方法。     

谈公安人口管理信息化

人口管理信息化,是借助现代信息技术优化人口管理、人口管理体制的过程。当前,公安机关人口管理信息化还存在软、硬件两方面的问题,应通过加大投入、增强公安民警素质等方式解决,提高公安人口管理信息化水平,发挥其在预防、发现、打击违法犯罪方面的作用。     

东营市流动人口犯罪调研报告

东营市作为可持续发展的城市,流动人口犯罪具有其自身的特点,同时也具有全国其他省市流动人口犯罪的共性。在流动人口管理上同样有公安机关“一马拉大车”的现象,存在警力配置与经费的限制、流动人口动态情况掌握不够、出租房屋管理工作滞后等问题。因此,对于流动人口管理,应转变理念,健全流动人口管理综合体系,确立流动人口管理制度并加大打击力度,以遏制流动人口的违法犯罪。     

少子高龄化对日本经济的影响及启示——基于劳动力供给的视角

随着日本少子高龄化问题的不断加剧,日本经济受到严重影响,尤其对日本劳动力市场带来巨大挑战。目前,日本劳动力供给数量不足、年龄结构老化、年轻人失业率上升等问题日益凸显,女性劳动力、外国劳动力供给数量的增加虽然对劳动力不足有一定的弥补作用,但不能从根本上解决问题。日本政府一直高度重视少子高龄化带来的问题,并且积极采取措施解决劳动力供给不足现状,促进经济增长。对于少子高龄化速度不断加快的中国来说,为避免出现与日本相似的劳动力供给问题,政府应采取促进经济发展、落实全面放开二胎政策、完善社会保障制度、发展老龄产业等措施,防止未来中国劳动力供给不足问题的出现。     

《刑法》第1条:刑法的具体概念与根本原则

刑法学应当立基于刑法的具体概念而不是抽象概念。刑法概念具体化的法条依据是《刑法》第1条。学界不把该条作为刑法的概念问题而是作为刑法概念之后的刑法根据来理解是值得商榷的。刑法概念具体化的理论进路在于找到刑法内容的两个来源,明确宪法作为两个来源及其关系之根据的意义,并全面理解刑法的两大功用。《刑法》第1条的理论地位是刑法学的基石概念,其规范地位则是刑法根本原则,可名之曰"刑法正义原则"。根本原则统摄两大基本原则:第2条的法益保护原则和第3至5条的罪刑法定原则。刑法根本原则的司法实践要讲司法逻辑,控辩审对《刑法》第1条的落实各有其功能。     

商品房买卖预约合同强制履行的适用研究

对于商品房买卖预约合同强制履行的问题,理论界在争议过程中基本形成了"强制缔结本约-强制履行本约"的通说。但是该通说无法避免自身的缺陷,而且司法实务中肯定或否定商品房买卖预约合同强制履行的裁判立场并存,该争议并无真正的定论。通过选取样本,统计分析商品房买卖预约合同实务案例中体现出的违约方、违约原因、卖方和卖方的违约比例等,根据利益平衡和保护购房者一方的理念,应仅支持商品房买受人关于商品房买卖预约合同强制履行的主张,而房地产开发企业作为出卖人的情形,不支持其关于强制履行的请求。     

论著作权侵权一般条款——著作权侵权与救济立法模式探讨

包括知识产权制度在内的法律制度是一个有机体系,其法律解释和适用应当在体系化思维的指导下进行。就著作权制度而言,基于著作权是一种民事权利,应当将著作权制度作为民法的一个有机组成部分来建构、理解和适用。在体系化思维指导下,考虑到著作权制度回应社会实践、发展和进化的需要,著作权制度应当从"具体规定性"逐渐过渡到"抽象规定性"的立法模式。就著作权救济制度而言,应当设立著作权侵权一般条款,同时,考虑到著作权制度明晰化和可操作性的需要,也应当就实践中已经成熟的著作权样态作类型化处理,并且将处理后的典型侵权行为以列举的方式规定在著作权法中。换言之,著作权救济制度应当采取"一般条款+列举式规定"的立法模式。