国际金融危机背景下俄罗斯低收入群体的生活水平

国际金融危机背景下,俄罗斯居民购买力下降,需求受到一定程度的抑制。低收入群体的生活水平低下,他们中多数人饮食质量变差、生活耐用品占有相对缺乏、基本的医疗救助不足、社会心理沉重。其生活水平是可被民众接受的最低标准。加强社会保障和就业安置并加大对社会低收入阶层等弱势群体的扶助力度,不断完善社会福利与救济制度,是俄政府当前面临的最大任务之一,同时也给我们一定的借鉴和启发。     

行政法语境下的流动人口受教育权保障——一种行政给付的可期途径

当流动人口成为不断庞大的群体时,其受教育权的实现需要依赖政府的行政职能予以保障,我国制定了一系列与受教育权有关的教育管理法律法规,试图对政府行为予以规范以实现公民基本权利的维护。从现有的法律制度安排而言,与流动人口受教育权有关的行政法律制度从主体权力的划分、责任的承担到行政经费的财政支持等诸多方面均有所欠缺,不能很好地解决跨区域的人口流动教育问题。行政给付作为一种二次分配手段可以成为地域界限的突破口,在既定制度的范围内,对流动人口教育问题进行一定程度的改善。     

Analysis of global variability in 15 established and 5 new European Standard Set (ESS) STRs using the CEPH human genome diversity panel

The CEPH human genome diversity cell line panel (CEPH-HGDP) of 51 globally distributed populations was used to analyze patterns of variability in 20 core human identification STRs. The markers typed comprised the 15 STRs of Identifiler, one of the most widely used forensic STR multiplexes, plus five recently introduced European Standard Set (ESS) STRs: D1S1656, D2S441, D10S1248, D12S391 and D22S1045. From the genotypes obtained for the ESS STRs we identified rare, intermediate or off-ladder alleles that had not been previously reported for these loci. Examples of novel ESS STR alleles found were characterized by sequence analysis. This revealed extensive repeat structure variation in three ESS STRs, with D12S391 showing particularly high variability for tandem runs of AGAT and AGAC repeat units. The global geographic distribution of the CEPH panel samples gave an opportunity to study in detail the extent of substructure shown by the 20 STRs amongst populations and between their parent population groups. An assessment was made of the forensic informativeness of the new ESS STRs compared to the loci they will replace: CSF1PO, D5S818, D7S820, D13S317 and TPOX, with results showing a clear enhancement of discrimination power using multiplexes that genotype the new ESS loci. We also measured the ability of Identifiler and ESS STRs to infer the ancestry of the CEPH-HGDP samples and demonstrate that forensic STRs in large multiplexes have the potential to differentiate the major population groups but only with sufficient reliability when used with other ancestry-informative markers such as single nucleotide polymorphisms. Finally we checked for possible association by linkage between the two ESS multiplex STRs closely positioned on chromosome-12: vWA and D12S391 by examining paired genotypes from the complete CEPH data set.     

促进民主的公共政策：政策设计与社会建构理论述评

政策设计理论主要研究公共政策的实质性内容,谋求政策质量的改善。美国学者施奈德和英格兰姆将社会建构思想引入政策设计的研究中。通过分析在政策目标群体或知识的社会建构主导下,各种决策背景中的政策设计对于民主的促进或阻碍影响,目的在于倡导一种能够整合问题解决、民主价值、公民精神和社会正义等多种价值的政策设计规划,推动社会民主治理的发展。     

厦门市流动人口犯罪问题探析

持续高发的流动人口犯罪给厦门的社会治安带来很大压力。经济社会发展失衡让流动人口在城市得不到足够的幸福感,社会关系改变带来价值虚无化的风险,城市管理滞后造成管理效益不佳,这些都是导致流动人口犯罪高发的主因。破解流动人口管理难题,从根本上预防和治理流动人口违法犯罪,应大力推进以改善民生为重点的社会建设,创新管理方式,进行综合治理。     

人口流动背景下我国中心城市的公租房建设

随着我国城市化的发展,高房价给人们的生活带来沉重负担,也严重影响了城市流动人口的生活质量与和谐社会的建设,因此解决城市中低收入群体特别是流动人员的住房困难是每个国家和社会都不容忽视的重大难题。本文选取了公共住房体系运作较成功的几个国家和地区,根据各地经验特点总结了我国住房保障体系存在的主要问题,并指出公租房建设对解决我国面临的住房难题具有重要意义。     

我国劳动力结构的演变及其影响研究

劳动力是经济增长的关键要素之一,其变化对我国经济社会发展有着深刻影响.本研究根据第七次全国人口普查主要数据,结合改革开放后以往人口普查数据和分年度人口数据,分析了我国劳动力结构的演变规律及可能带来的影响.研究发现,40余年来,我国劳动力结构发生了根本性的变化,并开始面临劳动年龄人口减少、抚养负担加重、劳动力地区分布不均...     

房价上涨的途径——财政、人口与预期的再验证

在国家“六稳”、“六保”的政策目标下,稳定房价具有较大现实意义。基于中国267个地级市2006-2018年的面板数据,通过联立方程模型实证研究地方财政支出、人口迁移以及预期对房价的影响。结果显示,市场对房价上涨的预期是推升房价上涨的主要因素,此外,全国层面的房价受到地方财政支出资本化的正向作用,东、中部地区房价受到人口迁移数量的显著影响,西部地区房价受到第三产业占比的支撑。因此,稳定房价的关键途径是维持购房者的市场信心,确保人口流入有助稳定东、中部地区房价?确保第三产业发展则是 稳定西部房价的重要途径。     

农村人口变迁对农业家庭经营的影响与法律对策

作为农村社会变迁的重要组成部分,农村人口变迁主要包括人口数量、结构、质量、心理素质以及思想观念等方面的变化。在新的历史时期,我国农村人口的变迁呈现出独特的趋势。农村人口各个方面的变迁会对农业家庭经营产生重要而又深远的影响,因此,必须重视农村人口变迁的趋势及其影响,着力调整计划生育、农村就业以及农村公共产品供给等方面的法律制度,确保我国农业家庭经营获得健康发展。     

Constructing STR Multiplexes for Individual Identification of Hungarian Red Deer

Red deer is the most valuable game of the fauna in Hungary, and there is a strong need for genetic identification of individuals. For this purpose, 10 tetranucleotide STR markers were developed and amplified in two 5‐plex systems. The study presented here includes the flanking region sequence analysis and the allele nomenclature of the 10 loci as well as the PCR optimization of the DeerPlex I and II. LD pairwise tests and cross‐species similarity analyses showed the 10 loci to be independently inherited. Considerable levels of genetic differences between two subpopulations were recorded, and F_ST was 0.034 using AMOVA. The average probability of identity (PI_ave) was at the value of 2.6736 × 10^?15. This low value for PI_ave nearly eliminates false identification. An illegal hunting case solved by DeerPlex is described herein. The calculated likelihood ratio (LR) illustrates the potential of the 10 red deer microsatellite markers for forensic investigations.