从代理理论看对高管报酬的规范

从效益角度看,对企业高管报酬的数额讨论是没有意义的,要想制定一个理想的企业高管报酬数额的立法、行政和司法标准,将会产生适得其反的效果。对企业高管报酬方法规范的重点,应该是提高报酬与企业业绩的正相关关系。相比而言,企业高管报酬的披露制度更符合市场经济的规律,也更有利于资本市场的完善。     

Death Due to an Unusual Angio‐Seal‐Related Complication: Case Report and Literature Review

Angio‐SealTM is a vascular closure device (VCD) that can be applied to the femoral artery following cardiac catheterization to achieve hemostasis. Although it has been demonstrated to be superior to conventional manual pressure and to reduce time to hemostasis and patient ambulation, the use of this VCD is not without its complications. In this report, we describe the case of a 55‐year‐old man who died due to an extremely rare event that occurred several hours after the deployment of an Angio‐SealTM VCD: acute complete transverse laceration of the femoral artery that occurred because of the particular fragility of the vessel due to an unrecognized and asymptomatic arteriosclerotic disease. Few data are available in the literature about the incidence of such events, and much more remains to be done to determine how to prevent and manage its occurrence.     

大鼠脑弥漫性损伤早期β-APP变化的研究

观察 β APP在弥漫性脑损伤动物模型中的变化规律。应用免疫组织化学方法和图像分析技术 ,对大鼠弥漫性脑损伤早期不同损伤时间大脑皮层、丘脑和桥脑部位神经元内 β APP的变化进行研究。结果发现 ,β APP在弥漫性脑损伤早期 ( 30min～ 1h)即有增加 ,增加趋势呈波动性 ;不同部位的变化规律不同。作为反应蛋白 β APP是有望用于检测早期脑损伤的生物学指标     

Lessons Learned from Autopsying an Unidentified Body with Iodine‐125 Seeds Implanted for Prostate Brachytherapy

We report here lessons learned from an autopsy case involving radioactive materials. We performed an autopsy of an unidentified mummified man with no available medical history whom from imaging findings we suspected had received radioactive seed implants for prostate brachytherapy. We returned the excised prostate and seeds to the body. A few days later, the body was identified by DNA matching and cremated. According to the man's medical record, he had undergone iodine‐125 seeds implantation for prostate cancer 11 months earlier. We should have removed the radioactive seeds from the body to prevent radiation exposure to the bereaved family and/or environmental pollution due to cremation. Surprisingly, one seed was found in the stored prostate specimen. Forensic experts should be cognizant of the risk of both radiation exposure in the autopsy room and environmental pollution. We must remain abreast of the latest advances in medicine.     

An Animal Model to Investigate Effectiveness and Safety of Conducted Energy Weapons (Including TASER® Devices)*

Abstract: Conducted energy weapons (CEWs) are used by law‐enforcement personnel to incapacitate individuals quickly and effectively, without causing lethality. CEWs have been deployed for relatively long or repeated exposures during law‐enforcement operations. The purpose of this technical note is to describe, in detail, some aspects of an anesthetized swine model used in our laboratory and to answer specific questions related to the model. In particular, tiletamine/zolazepam‐induced, propofol‐maintained anesthesia appears to be a useful technique for studying effects of CEW applications on muscle contraction and blood factors such as muscle enzymes. Because effects of CEWs on breathing have not been fully elucidated, a spontaneously breathing model is preferable to one in which mechanical ventilation is supplied. Placement of the swine in a supine position may facilitate measurement of muscle contractions, without compromising other physiological parameters.     

论《郑笺》对《毛传》"标兴"的认识与发展

人们历来重视对《毛传》标兴的认识,却很少关注《郑笺》对《毛传》标兴的认识和发展。《郑笺》的这种认识和发展在形式上表现为对部分《毛传》标兴之诗不作兴体解,增加新的比兴诗和在注解上大量突破《毛传》一诗只标一处兴也;而实质上则表现为一是郑玄理解的兴的内涵与毛公有了一定的改变,二是郑玄将兴作为一种注释的体例较毛公有了发展和完善,言语上的用诗之兴正式转变成了文学上的创作之兴,以兴作为诗的一种作法和表现手法的阐释理论得以确立。     

idPAD: Paper Analytical Device for Presumptive Identification of Illicit Drugs

As drug overdose deaths across the United States continue to rise, there is increasing interest in field testing of illicit substances. This work discusses a paper-based analytical device (idPAD) that can run a library of 12 colorimetric tests at the same time, each detecting different chemical functional groups and materials found in illicit drugs, distractor substances, and cutting agents. The idPAD requires no electricity, costs less than $2 USD, and requires minimal training to operate. The results of the 12 tests form a color barcode which is “read” by comparison to standard images. The accuracy of the idPAD was assessed using samples of heroin, cocaine HCl, crack, and methamphetamine at concentrations of 25%–100% in a lactose matrix, as well as pure lactose. Based on 840 “reads” by three different users, the idPAD showed 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting these drugs; the most common error was mistaking cocaine HCl for crack or crack for cocaine HCl. In a second step, samples of heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine (n = 30) and distractor substances (pharmaceuticals, cutting agents, and other illicit drugs, n = 64) were tested by two readers, yielding a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97%. Targeted substances were detected reliably at 55–180 μg/lane, and the idPAD was found to be stable for at least 3 months when stored at room temperature. The library approach used in the idPAD may provide the accuracy and robustness necessary for a presumptive field drug test.     

益气养阴生精方对微波辐射大鼠精子凋亡的影响

目的观察益气养阴生精方对微波辐射致大鼠精子凋亡的修复作用。方法将模型大鼠随机分为对照组、辐射组、中药组,每组各24只。采用单次大剂量微波辐射诱导精子凋亡,运用原位末端标记法检测精子凋亡。结果与辐射组比较,中药组大鼠每毫升睾丸组织上层培养液中精子总数和活跃精子数显著增加(P0.05),精子凋亡率显著降低(P0.05)。结论益气养阴生精方可防治微波辐射引起的大鼠精子数量减少和精子凋亡增加。     

Genes involved in damage response caused by UV radiation in Ecuadorian population of different altitude regions

Ecuador has various regions at different altitudes. It is known that at high altitudes, organisms experience multiple stressors, including exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation. The UV radiation exposure increases when getting closer to the Equator line. Consequently, cities in the Ecuadorian inter-Andean region and located at 2,800-3,000 m above sea level (masl) are exposed to UV levels approximately 40% higher than those of the lowlands. UV light is a carcinogen that causes mutations, DNA damage and cellular apoptosis. However, the XPC, XPD and XPG genes encode proteins that repair DNA caused by UV radiation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of three polymorphisms (rs2228001, rs13181 and rs17655) involved in the response to the damage caused by UV radiation in the Ecuadorian populations of high and low altitudes, and thus, correlate the ancestral proportions of these populations. Results showed that the behavior of both groups located at different altitudes is similar. The ancestry of these groups exhibited that the Native American component prevails, and the European and African component varies.     

Physical Characterization and Recovery of Corroded Fingerprint Impressions from Postblast Copper Pipe Bomb Fragments

Pipe bombs made from 1 mm thick copper pipe were detonated with a low explosive power powder. Analysis of the physical characteristics of fragments revealed that the copper had undergone work hardening with an increased Vickers Hardness of 107HV1 compared with 80HV1 for unexploded copper pipe. Mean plastic strain prior to fracture was calculated at 0.28 showing evidence of both plastic deformation and wall thinning. An examination of the external surface showed microfractures running parallel with the length of the pipe at approximately 100 μm intervals and 1–2 μm in width. Many larger fragments had folded “inside out” making the original outside surface inaccessible and difficult to fold back through work hardening. A visual examination for fingerprint corrosion revealed ridge details on several fragments that were enhanced by selective digital mapping of colors reflected from the surface of the copper. One of these fingerprints was identified partially to the original donor.