积极心理学：理念与行动

现代心理学正处在一个转折时期，即从消极心理学模式向积极心理学模式的转换。在过云几十年里，消极心事这占居主导地位，忽视人的积极心理品质研究，造成心理学知识中的巨大空场和心理科学贫困。积极心理学力主心理学应该而且必须转换为研究人类优点的新型科学。积极心理学是一种全新的理念和行动，其目的是研究人类积极品质，关注人类生命与发展，实现人关怀与科学精神的统一。     

英语词汇学中词的价值属性

词在与人的相互作用过程中,对人能够产生功效。这种功效就是词的价值。词的价值具有种种不同的属性。这些属性往往不以人的意志为转移;有的表现出正价值,有的却表现出负价值和零价值。     

行政给付的功能

行政给付属于政府的服务功能和授益行政行为,因而具有若干积极功能,如社会公平正义维系功能、利益分配功能、社会稳定功能等。同时,从利弊共存和行政行为双效性角度言,行政给付具有一些消极功能,包括成为政府剥夺公民私有财产权的借口、危及个人权利自由、导致行政相对人对行政给付的过度的恶意的依赖。     

试论中国人的无讼意识及其影响——一个个案的法社会学分析

自中国启动法制现代化事业以来,中国人的权利观念主体意识得到了极大的增强,但无讼意识仍然存在于人们的脑海里,挥之不去,与法制现代化事业形成了一种张力.一方面无讼意识阻碍了法制现代化事业的推进.另一方面,当国家制定法与民间习惯法发生冲突而无法调和时,人们规避制定法转而诉诸自己所熟悉的乡规民约来解决身边的纷争.这时,无讼意识实际上起到了一个促进民间法向国家制定法融合和转变的作用.     

医疗服务合同的不完全履行及其救济

医疗服务合同具有委托合同的基本属性。医疗服务合同的给付义务属手段义务,对其不完全履行,无法从结果上判断,只能从过程上判断,此过程中债务人违反附随义务,同时构成对给付义务的不完全履行。无论财产损害还是非财产损害,在违约案件中均应予以赔偿。非财产损害赔偿包括死亡赔偿金、残疾赔偿金以及侵害人格权场合的抚慰金。对于财产损害赔偿的参照标准,在履行利益不易确定的场合,可以信赖利益作为替代标准。     

Public Value Management: A Case Study of Transitional Change in Disability Sector Reform in Western Australia

This paper contributes to the study of public value management (PVM). PVM is distinguished from other approaches to public administration in its focus on establishing community networks and collaborative capacity building for the creation of public value. We explore PVM through a case study of a public–community sector partnership strategy called the positive behaviour framework (PBF), a state government initiative designed to transform services for people with disabilities. The development and implementation of the PBF is analysed via a transitional change or ‘sector awareness’ model. Each phase of the model is illustrated through ‘positive stories’ that depict key moments in the change process and in the activities that public sector managers employed to raise awareness, build capacity, and promote collaboration. We discuss the implications of the study for disability sector change management and for the further study of the PVM approach to public sector administration.     

The Application of Voltammetric Analysis of Δ9‐THC for the Reduction of False Positive Results in the Analysis of Suspected Marijuana Plant Matter

The development of methodologies using inexpensive, fast, and reliable instrumention is desirable in illicit drug analysis. The purpose of this study was based on cyclic voltammetry technique to differentiate the electrochemical behavior of ?⁹‐THC, the psychoactive substance in marijuana, and five different extract plants to yield false positive results after analysis protocol for cannabinoids using thin‐layer chromatography and Fast Blue B salt. After applying a deposition potential of ?0.5 V in a glassy carbon working electrode, the results indicated an anodic peak current at 0.0 V versus Ag/AgCl after addition of ?⁹‐THC solution in the electrochemical cell, and limits of detection and quantification were 1.0 ng mL^?1 and 3.5 ng mL^?1, respectively. Other interfering plants showed distinct amperometric responses. This methodology was useful to detect ?⁹‐THC even in the presence of the Fast Blue B salt, which avoided false positive results for all the studied extract plants.     

积极刑法观的反思与批判

面对日益增加的社会风险,我国刑事立法不断扩张处罚的范围,这种立法的积极姿态也得到了学者的认同,从而形成了积极刑法观的主张。积极刑法观的含义包括理念、立法、司法三个方面,其与预防刑法观、风险刑法观与功能主义刑法观都存在不同。无论从现实还是从法理层面而言,积极刑法观都存在许多疑问。在现实层面,我国现行刑法的结构并非是厉而不严,而是又严又厉。刑法的但书规定意味着立法采取定性加定量的模式,这与积极刑法观的立论或多或少存在冲突。我国司法机关一直采取扩张解释乃至于类推解释来适用刑法,因此指望通过司法实践来限缩处罚范围的观点并不现实。在法理层面,积极刑法观导致了刑罚权的过度扩张,冲击了人的基本自由,因而抵触宪法;同时它也违反了谦抑原则和比例原则的具体要求,并且作为其依据的积极一般预防理论的根基并不稳固。在方法论上,必须重提"李斯特鸿沟"的重要法治意义。     

两岸之间的文化冲突

两岸文化冲突,不仅发生在一些重大冲突事件中,而且在日常交流交往中也经常出现。本文列举两岸文化冲突在各个方面的具体表现及其对两岸关系的负面影响,指出这是两岸关系发展中的一个不可忽视的问题,希望引起双方的重视。并且指出,两岸文化冲突也有其正效应,两岸应当尊重文化的多元性,共同推动两岸文化的进步与繁荣。     

Guilt and the origins of modern law

Abstract

Tracing the history of legal concepts from the decline of European feudalism to the Reformation, this paper examines ways in which the concept of guilt shaped the first evolution of modern law, and it claims that the early revolutionary junctures in the construction of the law were centred around specific and distinctive conceptions of guilt. It argues that, through the history of medieval and early-modern European society, the law learned positively to abstract and account for itself through internally formative exchanges over the subject of guilt, and changes in law's observation of guilt reflected a growing refinement in law's societal sensibility, in its inclusivity, in its patterns of imputation and in its positive powers of self-legitimation. Guilt formed the term around which the law enacted the necessary stages of its social adaptation and produced constructs to underwrite the requirement for general, abstracted and positively inclusive law that constitutes modern society. The ultimate result of guilt's evolution as a legal figure became visible in the fact that the law progressively intensified its positivity and inclusivity, and it amplified the legal and normative resources that it permitted modern societies to store, utilize and reproduce.