Implications of EU Enlargement on the EU Greenhouse Gas 'Bubble' and Internal Burden Sharing

Currently, the EU-15 forms the only 'bubble' under the Kyoto Protocol and has negotiated an internal burden sharing. A strategic EU climate policy should include accession countries. Thus, even in the case of early ratification of the Kyoto Protocol by 2002, it would be sensible to form a bubble with all countries that are certain to be EU members during the commitment period 2008–2012. Of course due to Art. 4.4 of the Protocol the EU-15 has to stick to its own bubble. However, nothing prevents it from forming an implicit bubble including all first wave countries by inducing them to form a bubble on their own and transfer the surplus to the EU-15. Similarly, second wave countries should form a bubble of their own to co-ordinate JI and permit transfers to the EU. This would reduce the gap between business-as-usual and the target by about 50%. If ratification is delayed to a point where it is clear which second wave countries will be members by 2008, the bubble should be extended by those countries. When in 2005 target negotiations start for the second commitment period, the EU should negotiate a bubble consisting of all states being certain to be members by 2013.     

Institutionalized Knowledge Challenges in Pesticide Governance: The End of Knowledge and Beginning of Values in Governing Globalized Environmental Issues

This paper looks at the particular challenges that cross-level interdependence has for the use of knowledge in decision-making for environmental governance. Analytical questions surrounding knowledge generation, use, and flow and the role of institutions in shaping these arise in a multi-level context. By using results from a study on pesticide use in developing countries, some of the particular challenges in relying on scientific knowledge for governance of globalized environmental issues are illustrated. The case involves a situation with significant mismatches between access to and need for knowledge by decision-makers at the different governance levels. The exploration of various strategies to address such mismatches allow discussions not only on the role of knowledge and institutional design but also their limitations and how more inclusive values would serve a system of multilayered governance.     

试析欧盟对华经贸政策的历史演变

在世界多极化和经济全球化的时代,研究欧盟对华经贸政策的历史演变,分析其影响因素,对促进世 界经济、政治以及中欧关系意义重大。     

世纪之初中国发展的国际环境评估

2l世纪初的国际环境对中国战略机遇期的发展至关重要。任何国家实现国家目标的过程都是国际互动过程,大国关系、国家安全及周边环境等因素将会影响中国未来的发展。     

西方国家军队精神教育对我国干部教育培训的启示

西方国家军队精神教育普遍重视国家利益至上的爱国主义教育、忠于军队的传统教育、坚定信念的政治意识教育、恪尽职守的道德教育、切合实际的宗教教育、健康向上的心理教育、严格要求的法纪教育,而且西方军队探索了多途径、多形式的方法,对军人进行灵活多样、潜移默化的精神教育。西方国家军队精神教育的内容、方式方法,对我国干部教育培训具有启示意义。     

刑事发回重审制度域外考察及借鉴

2012年刑事诉讼法修正案对发回重审制度予以完善,但修改不尽如人意,无法从根本上解决发回重审制度存在的弊端。考察域外主要国家刑事发回重审制度的相关规定及适用,对进一步革除我国发回重审制度的弊端提供一些有益借鉴。     

对行政主体理论的思考

行政主体是一个极为重要的行政法学概念。我国的行政主体理论是从西方引进来的,但却与西方的行政主体理论存在明显的实质性差异。行政主体理论曾经对我国行政法学理论的发展和行政诉讼制度的实际运作起了重要作用,但在近十年的实践过程中却暴露出了诸多问题,需要我们认真思考。     

Linking context and strategy in donor support for decentralisation: a diagnostic framework

International donors, long‐standing supporters of decentralisation reforms in developing countries, often face the challenge of aligning programme assistance to the great variety of country governance settings in which many operate. This article presents a framework for assessing the implications of governance and institutional context for a range of programming challenges, with particular reference to the challenge of decentralised programming. The framework has three conceptual steps. Country governance and institutional change environments are first described in terms of how enabling governance capacities are for decentralised programming, and how rapid and predictable the rate of institutional change is. Second, these environmental considerations are associated with overall assistance modalities of donors, in areas such as the type of partners sought and interventions selected. Third, a range of options concerning the aims, scope and extent of decentralising programming are reviewed and linked to the diagnostic framework above. The framework is broadly derived from organisational contingency theory, which it is argued has been relatively neglected in the study of development administration due to a preponderance of analysis based on single‐case studies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论国际河流后开发国家的权利与义务

国际河流后开发国家特殊的地理位置使其对国际河流的开发会对先开发国家的既得利益产生重要影响.国家对位于其领土内的国际水资源享有主权是后开发国家对国际河流享有开发利用权最主要的法理基础,“先占主义”理论在国际实践中鲜获支持,国际仲裁、判例进一步确认了后开发国家开发利用国际水资源的权利和义务.故国际河流后开发国家享有开发利用国际河流的权利,同时也应承担相应的国际责任和义务.我国作为大部分国际河流的后开发国家也应受到启示,以实现国际水资源的可持续利用.     

Reemerging religiosity: the mainstreaming of new spirituality in Estonia

Due to historical-cultural factors, Estonians answer that religion occupies a low level of importance in response to European and global surveys. Nonetheless, new spiritualities, rather than scientific materialism, have become increasingly influential in Estonia. Based on material from quantitative and qualitative studies, this article identifies indicators of the changing understandings about spiritual-alternative ideas and practices in Estonia and analyzes the tactics spiritual practitioners use to legitimize their worldviews. The study argues that “fuzzy spirituality” is the dominant mode of religiosity in Estonia and challenges researchers to find new methods and theoretical approaches to study religions.