Conception and the Irrelevance of the Welfare Principle

This article challenges the assumption that their future children's welfare is a relevant consideration when deciding whether to provide a person with assisted conception services. It does not argue that infertility treatment ought to be available as of right. Rather, this article's proposal is that section 13(5) – which specifies that no-one shall receive assistance with conception unless account has first been taken of the welfare of any child who might be born – should be deleted from the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. Extending the 'welfare principle' to decisions taken prior to a child's conception is shown to be unjust, meaningless and inconsistent with existing legal principle.     

谈电子商务中消费者隐私权的法律保护

电子商务以互联网为交易平台,而互联网对现行的隐私保护制度的根本影响则主要体现于它使个人隐私的经济价值得到极大的提升,从而使得现代社会对包括个人隐私在内的信息的需求与个人需要保护隐私之间的矛盾更加突出,以至于对现行消费者隐私权益的法律保护带来严重冲击。文章在对电子商务背景下消费者隐私权益保护中出现的问题进行深入分析的基础上,适当借鉴国外立法经验,以期对将来相关立法有所裨益。     

隐私权的法律保护及其价值基础

在现代社会,隐私权已经或正在成为许多国家法律明确确认和保护的权利,但我国法律迄今没有明定其为具体的权利。隐私权应否成为一项具体人格权,对它的保护有无价值,在民法典编纂之际确有探讨之必要。     

论隐私权的边界--以公共信息为标准

隐私权是一种重要的具体人格权，体现了社会对人在作为独立个体角色时的尊重。但是人不可能总游离于社会角色以外，自然人的隐私和隐私权也有边界。隐私的边界不是自然人的公众人物的社会角色，而是信息的公共性或公益性。以公共利益等原则确定的公共信息来划定隐私权的边界，才能实现独立个体与群体社会的和谐统一。     

新闻侵害隐私权行为之探析

在《民法通则》没有对隐私权予以保护的情况下,将侵害隐私权归为侵害名誉权予以保护,意义重大。司法实践中发生的侵害隐私权案件大多数是因为新闻媒介不当采制、刊播有关他人隐私的内容而引起的,本文着重对新闻采访侵害隐私权、新闻报道侵害隐私权等新闻侵害隐私权行为以及侵权原因进行法律上的探讨和分析,以引起人们特别是新闻工作者对他人隐私权的尊重。     

浅论隐私权的立法问题

随着市场经济的发展和人们文化观念的转变,我国隐私权纠纷案件呈上升趋势。其原因除人们的认识差距外,更重要的是我国法律对此无完整的规范。隐私权有明确的定义、特征、内容和构成要件。我国现行法律包括宪法、民法、刑法、行政法、诉讼法等对隐私权的保护主要采取了间接、分散的立法方式,建议关于隐私权的保护应在保护公民人身权的最主要、最基本的法律即民法通则中有所体现,使隐私权和公民的其他人格权一样,在立法上加以明确规定。     

Towards a democracy-centred ethics

Abstract

The core idea of this paper is that we can use the differences between democratic and undemocratic governments to illuminate ethical problems. Democratic values, rights and institutions lie between the most abstract considerations of ethics and meta-ethics and the most particularised decisions, outcomes and contexts. Hence, this paper argues, we can use the differences between democratic and undemocratic governments, as we best understand them, to structure our theoretical investigations, to test and organise our intuitions and ideas, and to explain and justify our philosophical conclusions. Specifically, as we will see, a democracy-centred approach to ethics can help us to distinguish liberal and democratic approaches to political morality in ways that reflect the varieties of democratic theory, and the importance of distinguishing democratic from undemocratic forms of liberalism.     

The Governance of Cross-Border Data Flows in Trade Agreements: Is the Cptpp Framework an Ideal Way Out?

The regulations of cross-border data flows is a growing challenge for the international community. International trade agreements, however, appear to be pioneering legal methods to cope, as they have grappled with this issue since the 1990s. The World Trade Organization (WTO) rules system offers a partial solution under the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), which covers aspects related to cross-border data flows. The Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) have also been perceived to provide forward-looking resolutions. In this context, this article analyzes why a resolution to this issue may be illusory. While they regulate cross-border data flows in various ways, the structure and wording of exception articles of both the CPTPP and USMCA have the potential to pose significant challenges to the international legal system. The new system, attempting to weigh societal values and economic development, is imbalanced, often valuing free trade more than individual online privacy and cybersecurity. Furthermore, the inclusion of poison-pill clauses is, by nature, antithetical to cooperation. Thus, for the international community generally, and China in particular, cross-border data flows would best be regulated under the WTO-centered multilateral trade law system.     

隐私的历史考察和思考

隐私是一个动态、发展的概念,其内容不是一成不变的,而是随着社会政治、经济、文化的发展和人们隐私意识的提高,其内涵不断丰富,外延不断扩展。政治上,公私领域的划分是其存在和发展的前提;经济上,生产力和科学技术的发展为其存在和发展提供了物质基础;心理上,人们对本能、自我保护和自我实现的需要为其存在和发展创造了动力;文化上,不同的文化传统使其存在和发展更具多样性。隐私是一种事实状态,不等同于隐私权的客体,更不等同于隐私权。