3种特殊染色在急性心肌梗死死后诊断中的应用比较

目的对比观察苏木素-碱性复红-苦味酸染色(HBFP染色)、变色酸2R-亮绿染色和Heidenhain染色在急性心肌梗死死后诊断中的应用价值。方法以大鼠急性心肌梗死模型、法医检案急性心肌梗死心脏标本作为研究对象,采用HBFP染色、变色酸2R-亮绿染色和Heidenhain染色进行对比观察。结果①3种特染方法在大鼠心肌缺血15min时均可观察到阳性染色,且阳性染色面积随缺血时间的延长而扩大;②大鼠急性心肌缺血4h心脏标本在-20℃、4℃及室温条件下保存至14d,3种特染方法仍可见阳性着色,但变色酸2R-亮绿染色和HBFP染色随保存时间的延长而出现着色能力下降,阳性区域变小的趋势,Heidenhain染色效果最为稳定;③急性心肌梗死检案标本中,3种特染方法均可显示缺血心肌纤维,发病1h内死亡者Heidenhain染色优于另外两种染色。结论 3种特染均可客观的显示出急性心肌梗死早期病理改变,其中Heidenhain染色更具稳定性和可操作性。     

丽蝇科蝇类的生物学特性及其法医学应用

双翅目（Diptera）丽蝇科（Calliphoridae）蝇类是最早出现在腐败尸体、尸块上的主要蝇类。在法医昆虫学领域,根据丽蝇科的生活特性,可以较准确地推断出凶杀案或无名尸案的死亡时间（postmorteminter．val,PMI）,为案件侦破提供有利线索。本文介绍了丽蝇科蝇类的生物学、形态学特征,并对其在法医昆虫学与分子生物学、数学形态学、法医毒理学方面的联合应用进行了综述。     

“Survival Mode”: Rebel Resilience and the Lord’s Resistance Army

ABSTRACT

To date, scholarly work on armed groups has seldom considered the notion of rebel resilience, or the factors that enable these groups to survive despite time, military pressure, and the myriad contingent events of civil war. In an effort to develop an explanatory framework for resilience as a distinct outcome of civil war and rebellion, this article examines the conditions under which the Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA) has persisted for nearly three decades. Based on fieldwork and original research, the article explains the LRA’s resilience in light of the group’s organizational structure and resource self-sufficiency, which have been well suited for the borderlands of East and Central Africa. The LRA is a key case of rebel resilience. It is important because it sheds light on the organizational foundations of armed groups, the relationship between resources and rebellion, and the broader study of conflict duration and termination. Understanding the sources of the LRA’s resilience can inform efforts to end such insurgencies.     

甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞DNA含量与死亡时间的相关性

目的探讨甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞平均DNA含量变化与死亡时间(PMI)的相关性。方法采用甲基绿-派洛宁(MG-P)染色法结合图像分析技术,测定尸体甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞平均DNA含量变化值,并对其数据进行统计学分析。结果甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞平均DNA含量随死后经过时间的延长而加速降解。平均DNA含量各指标(平均灰度、目标面积、目标面积比)与PMI之间的决定系数R2分别为0.960、0.987、0.988和0.990(P<0.001)。结论尸体甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞平均DNA含量与PMI之间具有明显相关性,甲基绿-派洛宁(MG-P)染色法结合图像分析技术测定在研究甲状腺滤泡上皮细胞DNA含量变化方面具有一定优势。     

大鼠死后肝脏磷酸果糖激酶-2含量的变化

目的 分析不同死亡时间和死亡原因大鼠肝脏组织内磷酸果糖激酶-2(PFK-2)含量的变化.方法 大鼠105只随机分为三组,以不同方式(失血、窒息、断颈)处死.分别于死后0、1、2、4、8、12和24h取大鼠肝脏组织,免疫组化和图像分析技术测定大鼠PFK-2变化.结果 三组不同死亡原因大鼠肝脏组织内PFK-2的含量随死亡时间延长呈规律性减弱趋势.结论 大鼠肝脏组织内PFK-2的变化可以反映死亡时间的变化趋势.     

眼内窥镜检查视网膜在法医学中的应用价值

目前对于不明原因的死亡主要是通过法医尸体检验明确死亡原因,然而在尸体解剖中由于某些原因几乎很少对视网膜进行检查,视网膜改变在法医学中的价值并未引起重视。眼内窥镜的出现和在尸体检验中的应用,使视网膜检查在确定死亡原因和推测死亡间隔时间方面的作用逐渐被法医所重视。     

利用多体素氢质子磁共振波谱推测死亡时间

目的利用多体素氢质子磁共振波谱推断死亡时间。方法选取12只白兔,利用多体素磁共振波谱测定死后0.5、1、2、4、6、8、12、16、24h脑内N-乙酰天冬氨酸、胆碱复合物及磷酸肌酸和肌酸的代谢值。结果在死后24h内Naa/Cr、Naa/Ch随死亡时间的延长而降低;Ch/Cr先升高再下降,然后持续升高。结论经多体素质子磁共振研究,Naa/Cr、Naa/Ch、Ch/Cr死后改变呈现一定规律,可用于推断死亡时间。     

Rodents as taphonomic agents: bone gnawing by brown rats and gray squirrels

Passive infrared technology was used to film diurnal and nocturnal scavenging behavior of brown rats and gray squirrels at the University of Tennessee's Anthropological Research Facility. This direct documentation demonstrated that brown rats modified fat-laden cancellous bone while gray squirrels generally gnawed the thicker bone cortices only after fats had leached away. A case study placed in a shaded portion of the Facility indicated the postmortem interval for initial gnawing by gray squirrels was slightly over 30 months. An examination of 53 human skeletons in the William M. Bass Forensic Skeletal Collection revealed that 10 cases had gnaw marks consistent with those made by gray squirrels. One of the 10 cases had been gnawed within 16 months of time-since-death, while the remaining nine had postmortem intervals >30 months. Additional observed modifications made to nonhuman bone by gray squirrels indicate that squirrel gnaw marks on bone can serve as a minimal estimate of time-since-death in a temperate environment similar to that of East Tennessee.     

Possible role of pseudoephedrine and other over-the-counter cold medications in the deaths of very young children

The Philadelphia Medical Examiners Office has reported a series of 15 deaths between February 1999 and June 2005 of infants and toddlers 16 months and younger in which drugs commonly found in over-the-counter (OTC) cold medications were present. A total of 10 different drugs were detected: pseudoephedrine, dextromethorphan, acetaminophen, brompheniramine, carbinoxamine, chlorpheniramine, ethanol, doxylamine and the anticonvulsants, phenobarbital, and phenytoin. The drugs were confirmed and quantified by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry, with the exception of ethanol, which was analyzed by headspace GC and of phenobarbital and phenytoin that were quantified by GC with a nitrogen phosphorus detector. The most predominant drug was pseudoephedrine, which was found in all of the cases (blood concentration, n=14, range=0.10-17.0 mg/L, mean=3.34 mg/L) and was the sole drug detected in three cases. Acetaminophen was detected in blood from each of the five cases with sufficient sample. Other drugs (with frequency of detection) were dextromethorphan (five cases), carbinoxamine (four cases), chlorpheniramine (two cases) and brompheniramine, doxylamine, and ethanol (one case each). In the majority of the cases, toxicity from drugs found in easily available OTC medications was listed either as the direct cause of death or as a contributory factor. The manner of death was determined to be natural in only two of the cases. This postmortem study supports previous evidence that the administration of OTC cold medications to infants may, under some circumstances, be an unsafe practice and in some cases may even be fatal. The treating physicians and the general public need to be made more aware of the dangers of using OTC cold medications to treat very young children so that these types of tragedies might be avoided.     

3130例法医尸检资料分析

对汕头市1977年1月至1996年12月20年间3130例法医尸检资料进行统计分析，探讨其性别、年龄、季节、死因和案情性质构成，并与国内外文献比较。结果表明男性为女性的2．3倍；青壮年居多；尸检数逐年增加；损伤、窒息、粹死、中毒占2829例（92．3％），意外1226例（39．2％），他杀776例（29．8％），自杀658例（21．0％）。与广州、湖北部分地区资料相似，与日本东京、美国佛罗里达资料存在明显差异。