不同死因大鼠心肌内多种RNA相对表达量变化与PMI的关系

目的观察不同死因下大鼠心肌内多种RNA相对表达量随死亡时间（PMI）的变化。方法建立断颈死、窒息死和失血性休克死大鼠模型,提取心肌中总RNA,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（glyceraldehyde～3-phosphatedehydrogenase,GAPDH）,β-肌动蛋白（β-actin）、诱导型-氧化氮合酶（induciblenitricoxidesynthase。iNOS）、缺氧诱导因子-1（hypoxia-induciblefactor-1,HIF-1）、肿瘤坏死因子-d（tumornecrosisfactor-d,TNF-a）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6,IL-6）tuRNA以及U6微核RNAfU6sreallnuclearRNA。U6snRNA）的循环阈值,观察各指标相对表达量随PMI的变化情况。结果U6snRNA表达稳定,可作为内对照。在死亡早期,CAPDH、HIF-1、iNOS、TNF-d和IL-6的相对表达量在窒息组和失血性休克组比断颈组呈现不同程度的增加,而β-actin在3个组皆呈现相对表达量下降趋势。在死亡晚期,随着RNA的不断降解,相对表达量持续下降。结论死后各RNA相对表达量的特征性变化可为不同死因下的PMI推断提供-定的参考。     

抵押权行使期间探疑

抵押权不因主债务超过时效而消灭,自然债亦可成为其存在的依据,抵押权的物权性质亦不应受时效限制.物权法定原则下,当事人不得约定抵押权期限,登记机关也不得径行设定抵押权的存续期限.抵押权虽不适用时效而消灭,但其行使亦应受一定限制,以均衡当事人之利益,以除斥期间对抵押权设置限制不失为可行的方法.我国制定<物权法>时应明确设定抵押权行使的除斥期间.     

新生儿成骨不全Ⅱ型的尸检和MSCT鉴定1例(英文)

本文报道了1例成骨不全(osteogenesis imperfecta,OI)Ⅱ型死胎案例。在妊娠期间胎儿即有颅骨骨折和颅脑损伤。法医尸体检验后,随即进行尸体多层螺旋CT(multi-sliced computed tomography,MSCT)扫描和三维重建。尸检结果显示了OIⅡ型的典型特征,包括颅骨变软、四肢畸形、髋关节弯曲和外展及一些异常特征如白色巩膜、髋内翻、部分骨骼和器官缺失、唇裂和两耳不对称。CT检测到的异常变化有腭裂、下颌发育异常、脊柱裂、颈肋、肋骨和椎骨融合,这些都是在常规尸检中难以检测到的。本文阐述了OI的分类、致病性基因突变、死亡原因以及OI与儿童受虐的鉴别,更强调了OI学科知识对法医病理学工作者的重要性和MSCT在法医病理学尸体检验中的价值。     

Autopsy Fingerprint Technique Using Fingerprint Powder

The collection of high‐quality fingerprints is an important component of routine forensic autopsies and represents one of the several potential methods for identifying a decedent. Fingerprint collection at autopsy frequently employs a manual method using fingerprint ink and cards, although some offices use digital‐scanning equipment. While these methodologies are adequate in most circumstances, this study introduces an alternative method using fingerprint powder and adhesive labels. The method is quick, easy to perform, and cost‐effective and provides the additional advantage of an adhesive label that easily conforms to the finger, palm, or foot which reduces smudging of prints in individuals with rigor mortis, skin slippage, or decomposition compared to more traditional autopsy fingerprint collection techniques. The prints can then be easily stored, either in hard‐copy form or scanned to make a digital record.     

A New Approach for the Carbon Monoxide (CO) Exposure Diagnosis: Measurement of Total CO in Human Blood Versus Carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO)

The aim of the study is to present the application of a headspace–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐GC‐MS) method for the determination of the carbon monoxide (CO) blood concentration and to compare it with carboxyhemoglobin (HbCO) saturation. In postmortem cases, the HbCO measured by spectrophotometry frequently leads to inaccurate results due to inadequate samples or analyses. The true role of CO intoxication in the death of a person could be misclassified. The estimation of HbCO from HS‐GC‐MS CO measurements provides helpful information by determining the total CO levels (CO linked to hemoglobin (HbCO) and CO dissociated from hemoglobin). The CO concentrations were converted in HbCO saturation levels to define cutoff blood CO values. CO limits were defined as less than 1 μmol/mL for living persons, less than 1.5 μmol/mL for dead persons without CO exposure, and greater than 3 μmol/mL for dead persons with clear CO poisoning.     

Determining Postmortem Interval Using Glycoproteinous Adhesion Deposits by Balanus improvisus on Human Skeletal and Dental Remains

An anthropological analysis was conducted on skeletal and dental remains brought to the Galveston County Medical Examiner's office. The skeletal remains were dry, fragmented, and absent of typical fluvial characteristics. During microscopic examination, semitransparent, circular objects were discovered on the dentition, the mandible, tibial plateau, and distal femur. The objects were glycoproteinous adhesions deposited by the acorn barnacle, Balanus improvisus. B. improvisus is an intertidal barnacle found in estuaries in Galveston Bay. Basal diameter of the adhesions on the dentition were significantly smaller than those found on the postcranial bones (p = 0.010), indicating two consecutive cohorts adhered to the bone and dentition. As settlement typically occurs once a year, this would indicate that the remains were in the fluvial environment for at least 375–410 days. It is important in geographic areas that have prevalent fluvial environments that human remains, particularly dentition, are microscopically examined for marine life evidence.     

DNA‐Based Identification of Forensically Important Lucilia (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in the Continental United States*

Abstract: Correct species identification is critical when dipteran larvae are used for inference of the postmortem interval. To facilitate DNA‐based identification of forensically important flies of the genus Lucilia in the continental United States, we develop a vouchered reference collection and DNA sequence database. A total of 122 specimens were collected for nine of the 10 species of Lucilia reported to occur in the continental United States. Using the polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing, data were obtained for an 1100‐bp region of the mitochondrial gene encoding cytochrome oxidase I (COI). We consider a species suitable for DNA‐based identification if it is exclusively monophyletic in >95% of bootstrap pseudoreplicate phylogenetic analyses. Seven of the nine species meet that criterion. Two species (Lucilia coeruleiviridis and Lucilia mexicana) share COI sequence and cannot be distinguished using our reference database. We conclude that DNA‐based identification is likely to be successful for the other seven species.     

First Report of Blaesoxipha plinthopyga (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from a Human Corpse in the U.S.A. and a New State Geographic Record Based on Specimen Genotype

Carrion flies in the taxonomic family Sarcophagidae are often recovered from a human corpse. However, because such specimens are difficult to identify, the forensic literature on this taxon is quite limited compared with that of the commonly employed Calliphoridae. Faced with a sarcophagid larva that could not be identified microscopically from a death investigation in the state of Idaho, we generated cytochrome oxidase one DNA sequence data from the specimen. Comparison to a reference data set of forensically significant sarcophagids from Canada and the U.S.A. confirmed that this was the first discovery of Blaesoxipha plinthopyga in a human corpse in the U.S.A. and the first record of this species in Idaho. Because B. plinthopyga occurs from the Northern U.S.A. to the Neotropics, it is potentially useful for estimating time since death at many locations.     

核酸与死亡时间的相关性及其检测方法

准确推断死亡时间一直是法医学研究的热点和难点。躯体死后组织细胞自溶,核酸（DNA和RNA）降解,在一定时间内其含量呈下降趋势并与死亡时间有线性关系。文章就核酸降解与死亡时间的相关性及核酸含量的检测方法进行综述,以获得对该技术的全面了解,并对解决死亡时间推断这一法医学难题的应用前景进行初步探讨。