大鼠死后骨骼肌FTIR光谱变化与死亡时间的关系

目的应用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析大鼠死后骨骼肌随死亡时间推移的化学降解过程,为死亡时间推断提供新的研究方法。方法大鼠断颈处死后置于(20±2)℃环境,不同的死亡时间点提取大鼠大腿骨骼肌组织,并运用FTIR光谱仪测定不同化学基团随死亡时间的变化。结果随着死亡时间的推移,大鼠骨骼肌组织不同吸收峰的峰强随着死亡时间增加呈现出四种不同的变化方式:增加、下降、稳定、波动,且不同峰强比显示了相似的时间变化趋势。结论FTIR光谱分析技术有望成为法医实践中推断死亡时间的新方法。     

检测肺锶含量鉴定溺死的进一步研究

探索检测肺锶含量鉴定溺死的法医学意义，及水中浸泡时间因素对肺锶含量的影响和本方法的实际应用价值，用ICP检测溺死及死后入水浸泡时间较久的不同时间组（48～96小时）的家兔肺锶含量。结果表明：溺死组肺锶含量显著高于死后入水组（P＜0．01），死后水中浸泡时间（4天）对肺锶含量无明显影响，3例实际检案检测结果证实，本研究具有良好的应用前景。     

A Systematic Study to Understand the Effects of Particle Size Distribution of Magnetic Fingerprint Powders on Surfaces with Various Porosities

This study intends to design magnetite (Fe₃O₄)‐based magnetic fingerprint powders with different particle size distributions. It also investigates the influence of particle size distribution on the visualization of latent fingermarks with as little background staining as possible on the surfaces with various porosities in a systematic way. Two strategies were used to prepare the magnetic fingerprint formulations for this study: milling of coarse magnetite particles for different durations, and mixing of sieved fine particles with different size ranges with coarse particles. Particle size analyses of the prepared magnetic powders, optical microscopy‐based roughness analysis of the surfaces and SEM measurements of the visualized fingerprints and representative powders were performed. Mag2 of the formulations prepared through milling and Mag5 and Mag6 of the formulations prepared through sieving and mixing were more successful in the development of latent prints than the rest of the solutions.     

Distribution of ∆9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol and 11‐Nor‐9‐Carboxy‐∆9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol Acid in Postmortem Biological Fluids and Tissues From Pilots Fatally Injured in Aviation Accidents

Little is known of the postmortem distribution of ?⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its major metabolite, 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐?⁹‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THCCOOH). Data from 55 pilots involved in fatal aviation accidents are presented in this study. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis obtained mean THC concentrations in blood from multiple sites, liver, lung, and kidney of 15.6 ng/mL, 92.4 ng/g, 766.0 ng/g, 44.1 ng/g and mean THCCOOH concentrations of 35.9 ng/mL, 322.4 ng/g, 42.6 ng/g, 138.5 ng/g, respectively. Heart THC concentrations (two cases) were 184.4 and 759.3 ng/g, and corresponding THCCOOH measured 11.0 and 95.9 ng/g, respectively. Muscle concentrations for THC (two cases) were 16.6 and 2.5 ng/g; corresponding THCCOOH, “confirmed positive” and 1.4 ng/g. The only brain tested in this study showed no THC detected and 2.9 ng/g THCCOOH, low concentrations that correlated with low values in other specimens from this case. This research emphasizes the need for postmortem cannabinoid testing and demonstrates the usefulness of a number of tissues, most notably lung, for these analyses.     

Time- and Temperature-Dependent Changes in Cytochrome c Oxidase Activity and Cyanide Concentration in Excised Mice Organs and Mice Cadavers

Postmortem stability of cyanide biomarkers is often disputed. We assessed the time and temperature-dependent changes in cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) activity and cyanide concentration in various organs of mice succumbing to cyanide. Immediately after death, excised mice organs and mice cadavers were stored at room temperature (35°C ± 5°C) or in frozen storage (−20°C ± 2°C). At various times after death, CCO activity and cyanide concentrations were measured in excised mice organs or organs removed from mice cadavers. The study revealed that (i) measuring both the biomarkers in mice cadavers was more reliable compared to excised mice organs, (ii) measuring temporal CCO activity and cyanide concentration in vital organs from mice cadavers (room temperature) was reliable up to 24 h, and (iii) CCO activity in the brain and lungs and cyanide concentration in organs from mice cadavers (frozen) were measurable beyond 21 days. This study will be helpful in postmortem determination of cyanide poisoning.     

体外受精胎胚的法律地位研究

人工辅助生殖技术的出现导致双轨生殖体制的形成,对传统法律制度提出了挑战,各国纷纷以立法应对。其中最核心的法律问题就是受精胎胚的法律属性问题。各国在理论以及实践中分别作出不同的回答,包括主体说(分为有限自然人说和法人说)、客体说(分为财产说和私生活利益说)以及中介说。其中中介说作为一种最有解释力的理论为多数国家关于人工辅助生殖的立法奉行。采用中介说,是我国民法立法的不二选择。     

化学成像检验技术新发展

化学成像检验技术已经成为物证鉴定学科研究的重点和热点课题。化学成像检验技术结合了成像检验。光谱分析。图像处理等技术方法，能够为检验鉴定同时提供定量定性定位的准确信息。本文参考大量文献。总结归纳了化学成像检验的定义。介绍了化学成像检验技术应用于法庭科学研究现状与未来发展趋势。     

应用红外化学成像技术显现潜在的指印

目的应用红外化学（光谱）成像技术显现潜在指纹。方法采用这种新技术进行显现潜在指印的初步实验。结果显示了其对复杂图案背景上指印突出的显现能力。该成像技术具有物质形态特征检验和物质成分检验双重分析能力，在法庭科学领域具有重要的应用价值。     

RGB通道与分色照相法结合分离图像背景

目的减弱或消除分色照相法分离不彻底的图像背景。方法RGB通道与分色照相法结合来改进分离图像背景的效果。结果图像的背景得到进一步消除。结论分色照相法与RGB通道结合背景分离效果有明显改进。