利用不同温度下人肝细胞DNA降解参数推断早期PMI

目的对不同温度下人体肝细胞DNA降解状态进行多参数定量分析,得出温度相关的多元回归方程。方法选取13例已知PMI的人体离体肝脏,在死后13～34h内,分别在10℃、20℃及30℃条件下,每隔1h取材,进行细胞学涂片,Feulgen-Vans染色,选用图像分析系统检测几何参数（ID）及灰度参数（AOD）指标,对不同温度的检测指标进行多元回归分析,得出相应的回归方程。结果温度相关的肝细胞DNA降解推断死亡时间的回归方程：Y=25.789-0.656XT-41.958XAOD＋3.262XID（XT=10,20,30）。结论温度及反映DNA含量的各个参数与PMI存在较强的相关性,可以将温度作为参数引入方程用于推断PMI。     

RNA分析技术在法医学中的应用

RNA是近年来分子生物学技术领域的研究热点之一,随着分子生物学技术的发展与成熟,RNA技术逐渐在法医学领域得到应用,用来处理传统的DNA分析方法难以解决的法医学问题,如推断死亡时间（PMI）,检测伤口形成时间以及体液鉴定等。本文综述介绍目前RNA分析技术在法医学中的国际发展趋势以及目前存在的局限性,为今后该技术在法医学领域的更广泛应用奠定基础。     

PryJector: a device for in situ visualization of chemical and physical property distributions on surfaces using projection and hyperspectral imaging

Traditional forensic methods that highlight the spatial distribution of properties such as blood and fingerprints have two main disadvantages: they often apply chemicals that may influence further analyses, and they cannot easily be modified to search for new compounds/properties. A new instrument (called PryJector) avoids these problems by dynamically projecting back onto the surface under study spatially distributed information of compounds/properties (chemical images) obtained from multivariate analysis of hyperspectral images. Selectivity to target compounds/properties is ensured by multivariate modeling which makes the instrument much more flexible compared to traditional methods. The functionality of the PryJector is demonstrated in an application related to the detection of counterfeit pharmaceuticals where compounds otherwise indistinguishable to the human eye are made clearly visible by projection of false-colored chemical images. The PryJector is shown to be a noninvasive and very flexible instrument for highlighting spatial distributions of various compounds/properties.     

MRI鉴别新鲜与陈旧性椎体压缩性骨折

目的 探讨MRI对新鲜与陈旧性椎体压缩性骨折的鉴别价值.方法 回顾性分析43例胸、腰椎椎体压缩性骨折的MRI表现,MRI检查序列主要为T1WI、T2WI和STIR.结果 本组43例共发现55处胸、腰椎椎体压缩性骨折,其中46处椎体被判定为新鲜骨折,T1WI呈低信号或低信号中混有少许高信号,T2WI呈高信号,STIR呈明...     

小鼠死后脑RNA降解与死亡时间的相关性

目的 探讨小鼠死后不同时间和温度下脑组织β-actin mRNA、18S rRNA的降解规律与死亡时间的关系.方法 将24只健康成年C57BL/6小鼠随机分为2组,每组12只,断颈法处死后分别置于不同的环境温度中(4℃、37℃),恒定环境湿度为80%.分别于死后即刻和0.5、2、6、24、48h取小鼠脑组织进行总RNA...     

“手足十二针”对缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者运动皮质连接组功能连接的影响

目的 运用静息态功能磁共振技术探究“手足十二针”对缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者运动皮质连接组功能连接（functional connectivity, FC）的影响。方法 纳入37例缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者,分为真穴组25例、假穴组12例。真穴组患者给予“手足十二针”组穴（双侧合谷、内关、曲池、足三里、阳陵泉、三阴交）针刺干预;假穴组患者给予“手足十二针”经穴旁开1寸针刺干预。采用Fugl-Meyer量表(Fugl-Meyer assessment scale, FMA) 评价患者的肢体运动功能,采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表 (National Institute of Health stroke scale, NIHSS) 评价患者的神经系统缺损程度,并进行静息态功能磁共振成像。选取双侧初级运动区（primary motor area, M1）、辅助运动区（supplementary motor area, SMA）、运动前区（premotor cortex, PMC）为种子点,分析计算各脑区间FC值。比较两组患者治疗前后FMA量表、NIHSS评分及FC值。结果 与治疗前比较,真穴组患者治疗后FMA上肢运动功能评分、下肢运动功能评分、总分均显著升高（P<0.05）,NIHSS评分显著降低（P<0.05）;双侧M1 FC值显著升高（P<0.05）,患侧SMA与健侧PMC的FC值显著降低（P<0.05）。与治疗前比较,假穴组患者治疗后下肢运动功能评分、FMA总分均显著升高（P<0.05）,NIHSS评分显著降低（P<0.05）。结论 “手足十二针”可能通过增强双侧初级运动区的FC以改善缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者的运动功能及神经功能缺损程度,且具有穴位特异性,而辅助运动区与运动前区FC的改变也是另一可能的机制。     

推拿联合易筋经治疗神经根型颈椎病临床观察

目的 基于国医大师李业甫“治养并重”理论,观察推拿联合易筋经治疗神经根型颈椎病（cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,CSR）的临床疗效。方法 前瞻性收集60例CSR患者,依据其是否愿意接受易筋经习练分别纳入治疗组和对照组,两组各30例。治疗组患者在院接受推拿联合易筋经治疗,出院后1个月继续习练易筋经;对照组在院接受推拿治疗,出院后1个月无任何干预。分别于治疗前、治疗后、出院1个月后观察两组患者颈部肌肉弥散张量成像（diffusion tensor imaging,DTI）参数、疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、颈椎功能障碍指数（neck disability index,NDI）量表评分,并于出院1个月后评定疗效。结果 与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者DTI参数中患侧胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌表观弥散系数（apparent diffusion cofficient,ADC）值,VAS评分,NDI评分均明显降低,患侧胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌各向异性分数（fractional anisotropy,FA）值均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗组胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌ADC值,头夹肌FA值,NDI评分改善程度均明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。与治疗后比较,出院1个月后除对照组患者患侧胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌FA值差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）外,两组患者胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌ADC值,VAS评分,NDI评分均明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;且治疗组DTI参数、VAS评分、NDI评分改善程度均明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗组临床疗效优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 “治养并重”理论指导下推拿联合易筋经治疗CSR可修复颈肌纤维、减轻疼痛、提高颈椎功能及临床疗效,较单纯推拿疗效更佳。     

Evaluation of photometric stereo and elastomeric sensor imaging for the non-destructive 3D analysis of questioned documents – A pilot study

Photometric Stereo and Elastomeric Sensor Imaging were assessed for measuring the 3-dimensional (3D) morphology of questioned document samples. Photometric stereo is shown to be a powerful non-contact technique for revealing micron level detail of the samples examined. Elastomeric Sensor Imaging is shown to complement photometric stereo by yielding equivalent results. Additionally, this technique allows quantification of the morphological depth information. The techniques were applied to 2 different types of questioned document sample. Firstly, written signatures were examined. Both techniques were able to reveal characteristic features that could be used to infer stroke direction and ink line application sequence. Secondly toner/ink intersections were examined. Both techniques allowed visualisation of 3D features which were used to infer the sequence of application.     

Investigation of the variability in the tool marks produced by modified blank firing pistols on fired 7.65 mm projectiles

Firearms identification has an important place in forensic ballistic investigations since the weapons are widely used in criminal offences. Firearm examiners resolve many case files, through the use of automatic systems or comparison microscopes. Advanced forensic technologies like BALİSTİKA helps to record and analyze non standard ballistic evidence. In today's world, with the ease of access to materials and production technique information, pistols modified from blank firers are frequently encountered as crime tools. In this study, the characteristics of 7.65 mm fired cartridge cases obtained by controlled shots from blank firing modified pistols were examined, and their detection performances were compared by means of the Balistika system. Although distinctive differences are not expected after successive test shootings, balistically important changes were seen after the use of blank firing modified pistols and the 3D imaging system proved to be useful in observing such differences. The analyses showed that the modifications in weapons lead to variation in the ballistic characteristics and reduce the accuracy of the detection performance, which may result in flawed forensic decisions. It was also found that the deviations in ballistic impressions of modified blank firing pistols were greater than that of standard fabricated and hand-made pistols. This unique study contributed to the forensic sciences literature by focusing on the impact of modified weapons on ballistic characteristics.     

22例原发性输尿管癌的诊断分析

目的 提高输尿管癌的诊断水平.方法 回顾性分析1993年3月至2010年5月收治的22例原发性输尿管癌患者的临床资料.结果 临床表现血尿17例,腰痛10例,肾积水14例.阳性率较高的检查有逆行尿路造影、计算机断层扫描、磁共振成像和输尿管镜检查,阳性率分别为72.7%(8/11)、50%(9/18)、66.7%(4/6)...