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21.
Jeanne Lynch‐Aird M.Sc. Colin Moffatt Ph.D. Tal Simmons Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(5):1155-1163
Accurate prediction of the postmortem interval requires an understanding of the decomposition process and the factors acting upon it. A controlled experiment, over 60 days at an outdoor site in the northwest of England, used 20 freshly killed pigs (Sus scrofa) as human analogues to study decomposition rate and pattern. Ten pigs were hung off the ground and ten placed on the surface. Observed differences in the decomposition pattern required a new decomposition scoring scale to be produced for the hanging pigs to enable comparisons with the surface pigs. The difference in the rate of decomposition between hanging and surface pigs was statistically significant (p = 0.001). Hanging pigs reached advanced decomposition stages sooner, but lagged behind during the early stages. This delay is believed to result from lower variety and quantity of insects, due to restricted beetle access to the aerial carcass, and/or writhing maggots falling from the carcass. 相似文献
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Investigating the Postmortem Molecular Biology of Cartilage and its Potential Forensic Applications 下载免费PDF全文
Shawna N. Bolton M.Sc. Michael P. Whitehead Ph.D. Jayesh Dudhia Ph.D. Timothy C. Baldwin Ph.D. Raul Sutton Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(4):1061-1067
This study investigated the postmortem molecular changes that articular cartilage undergoes following burial. Fresh pig trotters were interred in 30‐cm‐deep graves at two distinct locations exhibiting dissimilar soil environments for up to 42 days. Extracts of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint cartilage from trotters disinterred weekly over 6 weeks were analyzed by Western blot against the monoclonal antibody 2‐B‐6 to assess aggrecan degradation. In both soil conditions, aggrecan degradation by‐products of decreasing molecular size and complexity were observed up to 21 days postmortem. Degradation products were undetected after this time and coincided with MCP/MTP joint exposure to the soil environment. These results show that cartilage proteoglycans undergo an ordered molecular breakdown, the analysis of which may have forensic applications. This model may prove useful for use as a human model and for forensic investigations concerning crimes against animals and the mortality of endangered species. 相似文献
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The size of fly larvae is an important variable in the use of these insects to estimate postmortem interval. Furthermore, the nutritional intake of larvae is likely to vary subject to the part of a corpse on which they are feeding. A study was therefore conducted to investigate the effect of type of food substrate on larval growth in two species of forensically important Australian blowflies. After collection on sheep's liver in the laboratory, different groups of larvae of Lucilia cuprina (Wiedemann) and Calliphora augur (Fabricius) were grown on sheep's liver, meat, and brains, and their body lengths compared. Results indicated that the development of larvae fed sheep's liver was adversely affected compared with larvae fed meat and brain; they moulted later, reached maximum length more slowly and sometimes produced significantly smaller pupae. These findings, similar to those of another recent study, have obvious implications for postmortem interval determinations. Estimates may be considerably skewed if the site of collection of larvae at a death scene contains tissue types different to those used in reference experiments. We therefore recommend caution in forensic analyses that interpret crime scene data using developmental studies performed with a single type of larval food substrate. 相似文献
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Jackowski C Bolliger S Aghayev E Christe A Kilchoer T Aebi B Périnat T Dirnhofer R Thali MJ 《Journal of forensic sciences》2006,51(5):1134-1137
Postmortem investigation is increasingly supported by computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging, in which postmortem minimal invasive angiography has become important. The newly introduced approach using an aqueous contrast agent solution provided excellent vessel visualization but was suspected to possibly cause tissue edema artifacts in histological investigations. The aim of this study was to investigate on a porcine heart model whether it is possible to influence the contrast agent distribution within the soft tissue by changing its viscosity by dissolving the contrast agent in polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a matrix medium. High-resolution CT scans after injection showed that viscosities above c. 15 mPa s (65% PEG) prevented a contrast agent distribution within the capillary bed of the left ventricular myocardium. Thereby, the precondition of edema artifacts could be reduced. Its minimal invasive application on human corpses needs to be further adapted as the flow resistance is expected to differ between different tissues. 相似文献
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Pujol-Luz JR Marques H Ururahy-Rodrigues A Rafael JA Santana FH Arantes LC Constantino R 《Journal of forensic sciences》2006,51(5):1151-1153
The first case of application of forensic entomology in the Brazilian Amazonia is described. The corpses of 26 men were found in the rainforest in Rondonia State, Brazil. Fly larvae collected on the bodies during autopsy were identified as Paralucilia fulvinota (Diptera, Calliphoridae). No data or specimens were collected at the crime scene. At the laboratory, the larvae developed into pupae in 58 h and into adults in 110.5 h. The total development time for P. fulvinota was measured in field experiments inside the forest. The age of the larvae when collected from the bodies was estimated as the difference between the time required for them to become adults and the total development time for this species. The estimated age of the maggots and the minimum postmortem interval was 5.7 days. 相似文献
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肋软骨及牙髓细胞DNA含量与PMI的相关性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目的探讨人死后肋软骨及牙髓细胞平均DNA含量与死亡时间(PMI)的相关性,寻求推断PMI的新方法。方法应用细胞图像分析技术分析高温(30~35℃)及低温(15~20℃)环境下人死后0~15d两种组织细胞平均DNA含量的降解情况。结果两种组织细胞平均DNA含量随死后时间的延长而逐步降解,其中低温组牙髓细胞平均DNA含量的降解在死后0~4d内有一个降解平台期。统计分析两组温度下两种组织细胞平均DNA含量与PMI有显著的负相关性(P<0.01)。结论依据两种组织细胞平均DNA含量的降解可进行PMI推断。 相似文献
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蛋白质降解与死亡时间推断的初步研究 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
目的观察大鼠肝脏肌动蛋白、微管蛋白在死后不同时间的降解情况,为死亡时间的推断寻找客观依据。方法大鼠麻醉致死后置于21℃温度控制系统模拟死后18d的改变,在不同时间点剪取肝脏组织抽提蛋白质,利用westernblot技术检测肌动蛋白、微管蛋白的降解变化并对产物进行半定量分析。结果大鼠肝脏肌动蛋白在死后8d尚可检测,死亡10d后检测不到;在死后2d,α微管蛋白已检测不到,但可检测到β微管蛋白,死亡4d后,β微管蛋白也检测不到。结论肌动蛋白、微管蛋白的死后降解存在差异,其在肝脏组织保存时间的不同可作为死亡时间推断的参数。 相似文献
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