Urinary incontinence, hyperthermia, and sudden death

An 84-year-old woman is reported whose death was associated with strenuous exercise on an extremely hot day (maximum temperature=43.1 °C, 109.6 °F). At autopsy there was evidence of exposure to high environmental temperatures with early putrefactive changes and mummification. There was underlying cardiomegaly with mild pulmonary emphysema. No significant injuries were detected. Toxicology revealed therapeutic levels of oxybutynin prescribed for urinary stress incontinence. Death was considered to be heat related, exacerbated by oxybutynin therapy, exercise, and cardiomegaly. Given that it has been predicted that there may be an increase in the number of heatwaves and in their intensity and duration, it is possible that such cases may be encountered more often in future. The assessment of all deaths occurring during conditions of extreme heat will require consideration of postmortem toxicology, particularly if there are underlying conditions such as stress incontinence that may be associated with anticholinergic drug therapy.     

MA与HIV-Tat协同作用致大鼠相关脑区ROS、GSH-PX和SOD的变化

目的 观察甲基苯丙胺(MA)与HIV-Tat蛋白协同作用致大鼠相关脑区活性氧(ROS)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-PX)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的变化,探讨协同作用对神经系统的影响.方法 50只健康雄性SD大鼠随机分为实验组:MA组(10mg/kg MA,每日两次腹腔注射,连续4d)、HIV-Tat组(10μg HIV-Tat注入大鼠脑纹状体)和MA+HIV-Tat组(按MA组注射MA 4d后按HIV-Tat组注入HIV-Tat);对照组:生理盐水腹腔注射或纹状体内注射.各组大鼠分别于注射结束后48h和7d处死,取各脑区脑组织制作匀浆;荧光分光光度计检测ROS含量,酶标仪检测GSH-PX和SOD吸光度,再根据蛋白质的浓度分别计算其活力.结果 各实验组与对照组比较,各脑区ROS含量有不同程度增高,GSH-PX和SOD活力则有不同程度下降,差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05);其中MA+ HIV-Tat组与MA组和HIV-Tat组比较,ROS含量升高显著,GSH-PX和SOD活力下降明显(P＜0.01).结论 MA和HIV-Tat协同作用能够产生大量的ROS,并降低GSH-PX和SOD的活力,揭示ROS、GSH-PX和SOD参与了MA与HIV-Tat的协同神经毒性作用.     

外伤性癫痫灶组织的基因表达谱分析

目的比较外伤性和非外伤性癫痫灶组织的基因表达谱,探索外伤性癫痫的发病机制,为相关鉴定提供依据。方法收集外伤性和非外伤性癫痫灶组织样本各15例。分别提取总RNA,经逆转录标记不同的探针与人类cDNA表达谱芯片杂交,获得扫描图像,分析信号的强度和比值,对实验数据按照RNA微阵列分析法标准化,对差异表达基因进行聚类分析。结果两组样本中共有超过2 990条基因明显表达（表达超过背景2～5倍以上）。以30%样本中的表达调节水平大于1.5倍作为差异基因筛选标准,与非外伤性癫痫组比较,外伤性癫痫组样本中存在显著性表达差异的基因有192个,其中表达上调的有115个,表达下调的有77个。结论采用基因表达谱芯片技术可以有效地识别外伤性癫痫和非外伤性癫痫的差异表达基因,并可用于外伤性癫痫发病机制和分子分型的研究。     

网络服务提供者的连带责任分析——对《侵权责任法》第三十六条的思考

《侵权责任法》第36条规定了网络侵权,为追究互联网环境下的侵权责任提供了法律依据。其中"网络服务提供者"一词从整体上应作广义理解,包括ICP与ISP,但第2、3款中的连带责任人现仅为ISP。若ISP明知或有合理理由知道网络用户侵权,但不采取必要措施,它实际上就为网络用户提供了不作为的帮助,与之构成共同侵权,承担连带责任。     

A research note on the association between work–family conflict and job stress among Chinese prison staff

Job stress, which has been found to have numerous negative effects on U.S. correctional staff, occurs as a result of stressors in the work environment. Recent research in the U.S. suggests that work–family conflict (e.g. time-based conflict, strain-based conflict, behavior-based conflict, and family-based conflict) may contribute to job stress for correctional staff. This exploratory study examined how different dimensions of work–family conflict were associated with job stress by surveying 322 staff at 2 Chinese prisons, 1 for male inmates and 1 for female inmates, in Guangzhou. An Ordinary Least Squares regression equation was computed with the job stress index as the dependent variable, and the personal characteristics (i.e. age, tenure, gender, educational level, and marital status) and the four work–family conflict variables as the independent variables. The independent variables explained about 49% of the observed variance in the job stress variable. The personal characteristics, time-based conflict, and family-on-work conflict did not have a statistically significant association with job stress in the multivariate analysis, but both strain-based conflict and behavior-based conflict had negative associations.     

The relationship of work-family conflict with job stress among Indian police officers: a research note

Law enforcement is often described as a challenging occupation, and working in law enforcement can result in work–family conflict. This exploratory study was undertaken to examine how the different dimensions of work–family conflict are related to job stress among Indian police officers. There are four major dimensions of work–family conflict: strain-based, behavior-based, time-based, and family-based. Data was collected from a survey of police officers in the Sonipat and Rohtak districts of the Indian state of Haryana. Bivariate results revealed that an increase in any one of the dimensions of work–family conflict was associated with increases in stress from work. Multivariate analysis, however, revealed only three of the four dimensions of work–family conflict had a significant association with job stress. Specifically, strain-based conflict, behavior-based conflict, and family-based conflict were significantly associated with higher levels of job stress. These findings provide support for the job strain model.     

应激与海马

综述了近年来应激对海马形态和功能影响及海马对应激(HPA轴)调节的研究进展。研究表明,由于海马参与应激的感知、整合与评价,参与HPA轴应激反应,应激影响其结构与功能;而海马又可通过负反馈调节,抑制HPA轴的过度应激反应。但长期慢性应激则可削弱这种抑制作用,加重海马结构与功能的损害。     

Adolescents Coping with Poverty-Related Family Stress: Prospective Predictors of Coping and Psychological Symptoms

Examined prospective associations among poverty-related family stress, coping, involuntary stress reactivity, and psychological symptoms in a sample of 79 rural, low-income adolescents. Poverty-related family stress predicted adolescents’ anxious/depressed and aggressive behavior 8 months later, controlling for prior symptoms. Coping interacted with initial symptoms and involuntary stress reactivity to predict changes in symptoms over time, showing that primary and secondary control coping were most strongly associated with changes in symptoms for adolescents with low initial symptoms and involuntary stress reactivity. The only significant predictor of coping over time was prior coping, suggesting that coping is not symptom-driven and may be somewhat trait-like. Implications for interventions and additional research are offered. Assistant Professor, University of Denver. Received PhD from University of Vermont. Research interests include the effects of poverty on family functioning, developmental issues in stress and coping, and developmental psychopathology Doctoral student in Clinical Psychology, University of Denver. Research interests include close relationship influences on adolescent development and psychopathology.     

Coping with Interpersonal Stress and Psychosocial Health Among Children and Adolescents: A Meta-Analysis

This meta-analysis examines the relationship between active coping and psychosocial health among youth. Results from 40 studies of coping with interpersonal stress were synthesized using a random-effects model. Four areas of psychosocial functioning were examined: externalizing and internalizing behavior problems, social competence, and academic performance. The magnitude of the relationship between active coping and psychosocial functioning was small, with correlations ranging from 0.02 for internalizing behavior to 0.12 for academic performance. Mean effects were moderated by stressor controllability: youth who used active coping in response to controllable stressors had fewer externalizing problems and higher social competence, as compared to those who used active coping in response to uncontrollable stressors. Implications for primary prevention programs and directions for future research on child and adolescent coping are discussed.