Correlates of hopelessness in the high suicide risk police occupation

Police officers are chronically exposed to work stress. We examined specific stressors that may be associated with hopelessness, a possible risk factor for suicide in this high suicide risk population. The study included 378 officers (276 men and 102 women) with complete data. Analysis of variance was used to estimate mean levels of hopelessness scores as associated with stress, adjusted for age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Posttraumatic symptoms were tested as a modifier of the association between stress and hopelessness. Increasing stress of administrative practices and lack of support were significantly associated with increasing hopelessness among officers (p < .006 – hopelessness range: 1.64–2.65; and p < .001 – hopelessness range 1.60–2.80, respectively). Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms significantly modified the association between lack of organizational support and hopelessness (p < .010) with significant association only among individuals with higher PTSD symptoms (p < .001). Results suggest that hopelessness is associated with specific stressors in police work, and this is modified by posttraumatic symptomatology.     

监狱劳教人民警察职业枯竭问题研究

监狱劳教人民警察工作任务重、岗位责任大、危险程度高的职业特征,决定了他们是职业枯竭的高发人群。长期持续的职业压力是引发警察职业枯竭产生的最主要的原因。除此之外,社会环境、组织内部因素等也会导致职业枯竭的产生。监狱劳教人民警察的职业枯竭问题不容忽视,它不仅影响着警察的身体健康,而且严重影响着警察的心理健康．导致警察队伍不稳定、战斗力下降等问题的产生。因此,应当创建针对监狱劳教警察职业压力的疏导调适机制．建立为监狱劳教人民警察提供服务的帮助系统,以帮助干警解决心理问题．预防和降低职业枯竭。     

建设资源节约型环境友好型社会

建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会,是党中央、国务院提出的重大战略任务。资源节约型、环境友好型社会有它内在的规定性和特征。我国建设资源节约型、环境友好型社会面临资源形势严峻、环境污染严重等方面的问题,因此需要加强法制建设,转变发展方式,实行清洁生产,发展循环经济,开发生物质能,加强科学研究,制定相应政策。     

外伤性癫痫灶β-折叠蛋白的FTIR-mapping研究

目的研究外伤性癫痫致痫灶β-折叠蛋白的红外光谱改变。方法利用傅里叶红外光谱面扫描成像技术对大鼠外伤性癫痫脑组织标本进行检测,获得β-折叠蛋白结构的光谱数据,绘制致痫灶的红外光谱图像。结果致痫灶可见明显的β-折叠蛋白结构高吸收区,高吸收区色差、吸收度与低吸收区存在明显不同。结论外伤性癫痫致痫灶广泛存在β-折叠结构跨膜蛋白的改变,具有β-折叠结构的跨膜蛋白广泛参与了外伤性癫痫的发生。     

The relationship between peer victimization,cognitive appraisals,and adjustment: A systematic review

Underpinned by the transactional model of stress (TMS), this systematic review synthesizes research testing the role of primary and secondary appraisals in the relationship between peer victimization and adjustment. A comprehensive literature search was undertaken and 23 articles were included in the review. Primary appraisals of threat and control, but not blame, mediated the relationship between peer victimization and adjustment. Secondary appraisals of self-efficacy and perceived social support were found to mediate and moderate the relationship. The findings of the review highlight the utility of the TMS in developing our understanding of individual differences in the relationship between peer victimization and adjustment. The development of the TMS in a peer victimization context, and future areas of research are discussed.     

Incidence and Correlates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Australian Victims of Domestic Violence

In recent years, evidence has emerged of the significant incidence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims of domestic violence. The present study examined incidence and correlates of PTSD in 100 female victims of domestic violence resident in women's shelters in Adelaide, South Australia. Forty-five women were found to meet all diagnostic criteria for PTSD. Women meeting PTSD diagnostic criteria reported having experienced higher levels of violence and were more likely to report having a spouse with an alcohol problem and having believed they would be killed by their spouse than women who did not meet criteria. Diagnosis of PTSD was also associated with higher levels of anxiety and depression.     

心理应激反应人群中医证候形成的相关因素分析

目的 探究心理应激反应人群中医证候形成的相关影响因素。方法 采用横断面流行病学调查方法。采用90项症状自评量表、自评焦虑量表、自评抑郁量表筛选心理应激人群,采用生活事件量表、特质应对方式问卷、领悟社会支持量表、中医五态性格测量表测评应激原及性格心理特质,采用中医四诊信息采集表采集中医证候信息并进行辨证分型。结果 2 156例心理应激反应人群中,有典型证候者1 233例,无典型证候者923例。在负性生活事件刺激量、工作相关问题、家庭相关问题这3个应激原的得分方面,在中医五态性格的太阳、少阳、太阴及阴阳平和这4个因子得分方面,在艾森克个性问卷的内外向因子、情绪稳定性因子方面,以及在特质应对方式和社会家庭支持度方面,有典型证候人群与无典型证候人群比较,以及具有不同类型证候的心理应激反应人群之间比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05,或P<0.01）。〖HT5H〗结论 心理应激反应人群中医证候的形成与人群的心理特质及社会因素有关。     

新藤黄酸通过内质网应激诱导人结肠癌HCT116细胞凋亡的研究

目的 研究新藤黄酸（gambogenic acid,GNA）诱导人结肠癌HCT116细胞凋亡的机制。方法 采用不同浓度的GNA作用细胞24 h,对照组是相同浓度GNA加内质网应激抑制剂4-苯基丁酸（4-phenylbutyric acid,4-PBA）共同作用HCT116细胞24 h。采用甲基噻唑基四唑（methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT）染色测定两组细胞增殖抑制率的差异,采用吖啶橙（acridine orange,AO）和溴化乙锭（ethidium bromide,EB）染色观察细胞的形态学变化,采用膜联蛋白Ⅴ（Annexin Ⅴ, AV）-异硫氰酸荧光素（fluorescein isothiocyanate, FITC）/碘化丙碇（propidium iodide, PI）双重染色检测细胞凋亡率。结果 内质网应激抑制剂4-PBA可以缓解GNA对HCT116细胞增殖的抑制作用;AO/EB染色后荧光显微镜观察发现GNA作用的细胞具有凋亡特征;流式细胞仪检测显示4-PBA可降低HCT116细胞的凋亡率。结论 GNA能抑制人结肠癌细胞HCT116增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,其诱导细胞凋亡的作用可能与内质网应激途径有关。     

经鼻给药沉香精油对单次长时间应激小鼠PTSD样行为及海马GluN2A、GluN2B表达的影响

目的 评价经鼻给药沉香精油对单次长时间应激（single-prolonged stress,SPS）诱导的小鼠创伤后应激障碍（posttraumatic stress disorder,PTSD）样行为的作用,并从突触的角度探讨其可能的作用机制。方法 通过气相色谱—质谱联用定性分析沉香精油主要成分;将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、沉香精油低剂量组、沉香精油高剂量组和阳性药组\[罗利普兰(Rolipram,ROL)\],每组8只。采用行为学实验评价SPS小鼠的PTSD样行为：分别通过恐惧记忆测试实验检测小鼠恐惧凝滞时间,旷场和高架十字迷宫实验评价小鼠的焦虑样行为。Western blot法检测小鼠海马组织N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor,NMDAR）2A亚单位（GluN2A）、2B亚单位（GluN2B）蛋白表达水平。结果 沉香精油样品中共检测到117种挥发性成分。动物实验结果表明,与正常组比较,模型组小鼠表现出强烈的焦虑样行为及恐惧记忆消退异常（P＜0.05）,而沉香精油及阳性药ROL可明显改善SPS小鼠的异常行为（P＜0.05）,并逆转GluN2A、GluN2B的异常表达（P＜0.05）。结论 经鼻给药沉香精油对SPS诱导的小鼠PTSD样行为具有改善作用,其机制可能与调控GluN2A、GluN2B蛋白表达有关。