Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms,Relationship Adjustment,and Relationship Aggression in a Sample of Female Flood Victims

This study tested a model examining the interrelationships among posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, intimate relationship adjustment, and intimate relationship aggression in a sample of 205 adult female flood victims. At the bivariate level, higher PTSD symptoms were associated with higher physical and psychological aggression victimization, poorer relationship adjustment, and higher physical and psychological aggression perpetration. Results from structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses indicated that relationship aggression victimization influenced aggression perpetration directly, and in the case of physical aggression, indirectly through its relationship with PTSD symptoms and relationship adjustment. The influence of PTSD symptoms on physical aggression perpetration was fully explained by poorer relationship adjustment. These findings extend prior work from other traumatized populations documenting associations between variables reflecting PTSD symptomatology and indices of relationship functioning, and indicate a need for further investigation in this area of inquiry. This research was supported in part by a grant to Patricia A. Resick from the National Institute of Mental Health (1-R01-MH55542).     

电针“神门”穴对创伤后应激障碍小鼠行为学参数和前额叶皮质FKBP5表达的影响

目的 观察电针“神门”穴对创伤应激后障碍（post-traumatic stress disorder,PTSD）小鼠焦虑样行为及前额叶皮质FK506结合蛋白5（FK506-binding protein 5,FKBP5）表达的影响。方法 将C57小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、电针组,每组6只。模型组和电针组小鼠采用单一延长应激加电刺激法复制PTSD小鼠模型。电针组小鼠每日针刺“神门”穴15 min,每日1次,连续14 d。利用旷场实验、高架十字迷宫实验检测小鼠行为学参数。采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测小鼠前额叶皮质FKBP5 mRNA表达水平,采用Western blot法检测小鼠前额叶皮质FKBP5表达水平。结果 旷场实验中,电针可明显提高模型小鼠中央区域停留时间、跨格次数（P＜0.05）;高架十字迷宫实验中,电针可明显增加模型小鼠开臂时间、开臂次数、开臂时间比、开臂次数比（P＜0.05）。模型组小鼠前额叶皮质FKBP5及其mRNA表达水平较正常组明显升高（P＜0.05）;电针组小鼠前额叶皮质FKBP5及其mRNA表达水平较模型组显著降低（P＜0.05）。结论 电针能明显改善PTSD小鼠焦虑样行为,其作用机制可能与增加PTSD小鼠前额叶皮质FKBP5的表达水平有关。     

柴郁温胆汤及其拆方对慢性应激抑郁大鼠的作用

目的 研究柴郁温胆汤及其拆方对慢性应激抑郁模型大鼠的治疗作用。方法 选择旷场行为学评分相近的56只大鼠,随机分为正常组、模型组、柴郁温胆汤组、调气血组、化痰组、养心脾组、马普替林组,每组8只,以孤养联合慢性不可预见性轻度应激方法复制大鼠抑郁模型,对大鼠进行旷场行为学测定并评分,对大鼠进行糖水消耗实验并测定体质量变化,并采用高效液相色谱-电化学方法检测大鼠大脑前额叶脑皮质去甲肾上腺素(norepinephrine,NE)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT)的含量。结果 模型组大鼠旷场行为评分水平活动和垂直活动均显著下降(P<0.05,或P<0.01),蔗糖水消耗量明显下降(P<0.01),体质量增长缓慢(P<0.05,或P<0.01),脑内NE、5-HT含量降低（P<0.05）。柴郁温胆汤及部分拆方能显著改善模型大鼠的行为学变化（P<0.05,或P<0.01),增加大鼠脑内NE、5-HT的含量（P<0.05）。〖JP〗结论 柴郁温胆汤及其拆方具有抗抑郁作用,其中全方的抗抑郁作用优于各拆方。     

Financial Stress and Depression Among African Refugees in the Southern United States: A Serial Multiple Mediation Analysis of Financial Self-Efficacy and Financial Anxiety

Abstract

As part of a larger community-based participatory research project exploring the postresettlement challenges of African refugees in the southern United States, our study investigated the phenomenon of financial stress and its relationship to mental health through a mediating chain of factors—financial self-efficacy and financial anxiety. Results revealed the mediating role of financial self-efficacy and financial anxiety on the relationship between financial stress and depressive symptoms. Findings provide discourses around financial stress and mental health in the migration context, critical to recognizing the unique experiences of African refugees and informing culturally responsive programs for financial inclusion and economic integration.     

Crime patterns and their relation to subjective social stress and support indicators: The role of gender

This study investigated the relationship between the subjective perception of stress and support in the population (as independent variables) and the prevalence of homicide, robbery, and property offenses in society, while controlling for the effect of gender, i.e., how these crimes are related to the differential perception of stress and support among males and females. The theoretical framework is provided by a stress-support model which postulates that crime in society will be positively related to stress factors and negatively related to support systems. Eight stress indicators and four support (solidarity) indicators were included. The data regarding these indicators were derived from continuing surveys of representative samples of the urban population in Israel during the years 1967–1979. The theoretical model was supported by the findings, especially those relating to property offenses. The effects of the female indicators were strongest (and greater than those of males) with regard to property offenses. The regression coefficients of the female indicators were also consistently larger than those of males, indicating that women's perceptions of stress are better predictors of crime rates than those of males. The results are compared to those of previous studies and suggestions are made for future studies in this new line of criminological research.     

Exploring the Stressors of Low-Income Women with Abusive Partners: Understanding Their Needs and Developing Effective Community Responses

This study examined how women's experiences of domestic violence may affect their level of stress, as measured by difficult life circumstances and stressful life events for 107 women living in poverty. Results indicated that women with abusive partners reported higher levels of stress than women who had not experienced abuse. Women's perceptions of how their experiences of domestic violence impacted their health and the type of events women perceived to be most stressful were also examined. Symptoms most frequently perceived to be a result of abusive experiences were heart pounding/racing, trembling hands, headaches, and sleep problems. Implications of the findings for research and community intervention are discussed, including the importance of providing not only crisis intervention services, but also the need to create and maintain long-term support and advocacy services for women who have experienced domestic violence.     

锁阳不同提取物抗氧化活性及对次黄嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶诱导细胞损伤保护作用的比较研究

目的 比较不同锁阳提取物体外抗氧化活性及对次黄嘌呤/黄嘌呤氧化酶（hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase, HPX/XO）诱导细胞损伤的保护作用。方法 通过建立XO/XTT氧自由基生成体系和XO致尿酸生成反应,以及HPX/XO诱导的细胞氧化损伤模型,分别研究不同锁阳提取物的自由基清除能力,对HPX活性的干预作用,和对氧化损伤细胞的保护作用。结果 100、10、1 μg/ml锁阳乙酸乙酯和甲醇提取物均能显著地清除自由基,而各浓度的锁阳二氯甲烷和水提物没有明显的清除自由基能力。锁阳乙酸乙酯和甲醇提取物对细胞氧化损伤模型显示明显的保护作用,可显著提高细胞存活率,但不能明显抑制XO活性。结论 锁阳抗氧化有效部位主要富集在乙酸乙酯与甲醇提取相中,具有良好的抗氧化作用,清除氧自由基是其主要机制之一。     

Prevalence and Correlates of Intimate Partner Violence Among a Sample of Construction Industry Workers

This study assessed the prevalence and correlates of intimate partner violence (IPV) among a sample of unionized construction industry workers, and tested the reliability of new measures of IPV normative beliefs. Study participants (n=100) voluntarily completed confidential and anonymous self-administered questionnaires that measured occupational factors, hazardous drinking, and normative beliefs. Measurement of past-year IPV was based on the Conflict Tactics Scale, Form R. Measures of IPV normative beliefs showed good reliability (Cronbach’s α 0.94–0.95). Past-year IPV prevalence was 26%. Logistic regression models were developed to assess the contribution of each factor to risk of past-year IPV perpetration. Perceived workplace racial/ethnic discrimination, job strain, interpersonal workplace conflict, normative beliefs, and hazardous drinking were positively associated with elevated IPV risk.Construction industry workers may have higher rates of IPV compared to general population samples that represent various occupations and social classes. Occupational factors appear to be significant correlates of IPV among these workers.     

心理学在监狱警察心理帮助中的具体应用

监狱人民警察高压力的工作性质，使长期处于心理应激状态的警察个体比其他职业更容易产生心理问题。而目前，我国监狱警察获得的支持和关怀远远低于其自身需要，国内有关监狱警察职业压力和心理帮助的研究也并不多，而要建立科学有效的监狱警察心理帮助系统，就必须运用心理学的研究成果及相关理论。