创意城市与英国创意产业的兴起

英国是世界上最早以政府名义提出文化战略和发展创意产业的国家,目前创意产业已经成为其产业体系重要的组成部分。创意城市是在经济全球化的背景下,由产业转移和产业升级推动、伴随城市更新和创意产业兴起而出现的一种新型的城市形态和发展模式。创意、创意产业和创意城市之间存在着密切的关系:创意产业和创意城市都以创意为基础,创意产业是创意城市形成和发展的经济引擎,创意城市是创意产生和创意产业兴起的空间基础。创意产业与创意城市在兴起的动力方面存在某些类似之处,除了来自于产业内部和城市区域的创新推动之外,创意产业还与政府政策、产业转型、人才培养和文化理论等因素密不可分。英国创意城市与创意产业兴起的经验为我国提供了有益的启示与借鉴:明确创意产业与创意城市的关系,因地制宜地构建城市创新体系;通过政府的介入和城市的创新建设,为创意产业的兴起提供政策和空间支持;依靠创意产业的推动和创意元素的导入,为城市的创新发展提供经济和文化动力。     

缅甸日据时期“缅克冲突”探析

缅甸日据时期,缅族、克伦族发生多次冲突,其原因除缅族、克伦族历史传统因素外,还有历史上英国"分而治之"政策留下的"后遗症",以及日本侵略者出于自身利益的推波助澜。两族在冲突解决上也截然不一。克伦族对冲突采取"暴力对抗"与"和平谈判"两种不同的解决方式,分别导致了大相径庭的结果。缅族领导对冲突处理不够细致、深入,为建国初期克伦族叛乱埋下了伏笔。     

英国证人制度评介--兼谈我国民事证人制度之完善

证人提供的证言是民事诉讼证据的一种,对于法官裁判具有重要意义。对英、美等国家民事诉讼中的证人资格、证人权利和义务以及证言的提供程序等问题进行了分析。并针对中国目前民事证人制度方面的立法及司法实践现状,提出了完善中国证人制度的构想。     

The shaman hunts and the postwar revival and reinvention of Okinawan shamanism

In the 1930s and 1940s shaman hunts (yutagari) were conducted by the Japanese Special Higher Police in Okinawa, Japan's most southern and remote prefecture. This was not the first time that attempts had been made to remove these women from Okinawan society. The fact that the yuta were hunted down and incarcerated, driven underground, and in some cases executed says much about how influential and threatening Japanese authorities perceived them to be. At the end of the Battle of Okinawa, more than one quarter of all Okinawan civilians were dead, and in many cases their remains were unrecoverable due to the extent of the destruction. The absence of appropriate mortuary rituals and religious specialists to perform these rituals, many of whom had been removed by authorities, led to severe spiritual dislocation for many Okinawans. In the chaotic postwar environment a path was opened for the revival of the previously hunted shamans to treat those who had suffered physical, family and spiritual loss, through providing help for these clients in dealing with settling the unsatisfied dead. It also led to the emergence of the ‘new’ yuta, those shamans who followed different routes to becoming religious advisors. This paper first outlines some of the circumstances that led to the shaman hunts, and then assesses the role of the Battle of Okinawa and its aftermath in rehabilitating shamanism in postwar society.     

Local housing plans: Learning from Great Britain

Abstract

As the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development refines the new Consolidated Plans, which replace the Comprehensive Housing Affordability Strategies, it should examine Britain's experience with local housing plans. Case studies of four best‐practice cities—Glasgow, Dundee, Birmingham, and York—highlight the value of these plans in assessing the success of cities in their new “enabler” role.

Five key lessons for American cities emerge from this article. First, these plans can serve multiple roles beyond bids to central government. Second, local housing plans should address market‐rate as well as below‐market‐rate housing issues. Third, American housing plans should use a wider range of data sources than census information alone and should incorporate housing market analyses dealing with specific areas and population groups. Fourth, the stress on implementation and strategy in British plans should be emulated. Finally, aspects of Britain's competitive bidding system should be considered for implementation.     

Social rehousing policy in britain: Needs,rights, and choices

Abstract

When selecting among competing applicants for rehousing in social rented property, the perceived wisdom in Britain since the 1940s has been to award priority to households in the greatest housing need. “Need” is often defined in highly complex ways. However, a shift has occurred in local authority and housing association rehousing policies away from allocations made solely on the basis of need. This shift comes in response to the changing context in which social rented housing has operated in the past 15 years and to perceived weaknesses in needs‐based systems. Present policies are designed to address wider objectives, including developing stable communities and minimizing housing management problems.

This article examines these policy changes and the extent to which local housing allocations are used to address not only individual household needs, but also the concerns of local communities and wider housing management issues.     

A Question of Culture or Economics? Public Attitudes to the European Union in Britain

Previous research has suggested that attitudes towards the European Union (EU) are shaped by two sets of considerations—economic and cultural. Using data from the 2015 British Social Attitudes survey, this article assesses which matters more in shaping attitudes in Britain towards the EU as the country prepares to vote in a referendum on whether it should remain in or leave the European Union. It shows that while concern about the cultural consequences of EU membership is widespread, voters are inclined to think that membership is economically beneficial. This cultural concern underpins a widespread scepticism about Europe, but voters are only likely to want to leave the EU if they are also convinced of the economic case for doing so.     

英国"非殖民化"进程是战后殖民体系瓦解的历史必然

1958-1968年英国“非殖民化”经历了从回归、重建到收缩再到无奈的撤离、回归欧洲的曲折过程。英国力量的衰落和殖民地国家的独立解放斗争、以联合国为代表的国际社会对于殖民主义的压力、两极对立的国际形势对于英国殖民体系的战略冲击以及科技革命的影响等是这一过程产生的主要原因。它的性质是英国在国力衰落之下对殖民地所做的一次调整,是在当时的历史条件下为了挽救垂死的大英殖民帝国所做的挣扎。