试论新农村建设的模式选择

城乡差别不是绝对的,而是因不同的社会政策和条件不相同,并且会随着社会经济的发展而变化。从现代社会经济和文化发展来看,城乡变化总趋势是向融合方向发展。从空间结构来看,实现城乡融合主要有三种理论模式,即优先发展乡村社区的模式,重点发展城市社区的理论模式,城乡一体化协调发展的理论模式。建设新农村,推进城乡协调发展,需要充分调动三种基本力量,即党和政府的主导力量、农民的主体力量、市场的推动力量。三种动力意味着建设新农村有四种可能的发展模式。     

当事人主导抑或法院主导？——传统民事诉讼模式的误判与归位

将“辩论主义”或“对抗制”作为传统民事诉讼模式的识别标准,都存在以偏概全的缺陷。在“当事人主张论证一法院裁判”的基本构造下,从程序运作层面、案件事实层面和法律适用层面三个层面考察,无论大陆法系还是英美法系从来没有绝对的当事人主导或法院主导。诉权和审判权之间协调配置是各国传统民事诉讼程序设计的共同法理。     

“三鹿奶粉”系列案定性探疑

"三鹿奶粉"系列案涉及的、含有三聚氰胺的所谓"蛋白粉"是有害物质而不是有毒物质,添加者故意将其添加到原牛奶中并卖给"三鹿集团"的行为,在性质上属于生产、销售有害食品。制造并销售"蛋白粉"的行为不应当如法院判决的那样构成以危险方法危害公共安全罪,而应当与添加者的行为构成生产、销售有害食品罪的"连锁共犯"。"三鹿集团"的行为,应当以2008年8月1日检测报告出具明确结论为界分为两个阶段:在前一阶段,其直接负责的主管人员构成重大责任事故罪,在后一阶段,"三鹿集团"的行为在性质上属于生产、销售有害食品,与生产销售伪劣产品罪存在法条竞合;根据《刑法》第149条关于择一重罪处罚的规定,应按第140条的规定构成生产、销售伪劣产品罪;对"三鹿集团"直接负责的主管人员两个阶段的罪行应当数罪并罚。     

纳米粉末显现水果和蔬菜表面手印

目的研究纳米粉末显现水果和蔬菜表面的手印。方法纳米Fe3O4粉末的显现方法同常规磁性粉末;纳米ZnO粉末则是撒粉于可疑表面,然后用吸耳球轻轻吹掉多余的粉末直到手印显出,利用多波段光源,在紫外一可见光范围内拍照;并与松花粉显现法比较。结果纳米Fe3O4粉末可以清晰显现4种检材表面的手印;纳米ZnO粉末可显现除土豆之外的3种检材表面的手印,尤其显现西红柿表面手印的效果最好;与松花粉相比,纳米粉末显现的手印纹线流畅、细腻,细节特征清晰。结论利用纳米粉末可以有效显现水果蔬菜表面的手印,显出的纹线在紫外－可见光范围内拍照均可以得到反差较大的影像。     

Simulating transfer and persistence of a chemical marker powder for Lycopodium clavatum spores

In this research a chemical marker powder, based on Lycopodium clavatum spores, was studied to determine its transfer and persistence on a T-shirt. Such chemical marker powders are used to provide evidence that a person has handled a covertly marked object, such as a drug package. The powder was found to transfer readily between a marked item and the person handling it. The powder was found to persist on a T-shirt for up to 13 h; however, there was only a very small amount of powder remaining at this time. The rate of loss of the L. clavatum spores was found to follow a decay curve. The largest decrease in spores from the T-shirt was seen in the first 2 h after the marked item had been handled.     

食品安全与国家安全

近年来连续不断地发生食品安全事件,伤害了消费者的身心健康,影响了中国产品的出口贸易,丑化了中国产品的国际形象,在一定程度上威胁了我国的国家安全.从国家安全的角度来分析食品安全问题,预防和减少食品安全事件的发生,就要加强国家间交流,积极建立合作平台;对内提升食品安全意识,对外改善食品国际形象;建立国家食品安全体系,加强政府监管,提高我国的食品质量,从而更有效地维护国家安全.     

Injury Patterns Sustained in Fatal Motor Vehicle Collisions with Driver's Third‐Generation Airbag Deployment

The Office of the Chief Coroner for Ontario database for 2011–2012 was used to compare fatal injury patterns in drivers whose third‐generation airbags deployed compared to first‐ and second‐generation airbag deployments and airbag nondeployments with and without seatbelt use. There were 110 frontal and offset frontal crashes analyzed. The small sample size meant that the odds of craniocerebral, cervical spinal, thoracic, and abdominal injuries were not statistically different for airbag generation, deployment status, and seatbelt use; however, the risk of fatal thoracic injuries in third‐ and second‐generation cases was increased. Seatbelt usage in third‐ and second‐generation deployment cases reduced the risk of all injuries except abdominal trauma. High severity impacts and occupant compartment intrusion were frequently observed. The analyses in this retrospective study were challenged by data that were not collated in a standardized way and were limited in details about scene, vehicle, and driver variables.     

In the Line of Fire—21st-Century Approach to an Ancient War Injury

Abstract:  Authentic black-powder muzzle-loader weapons or replicas are used today primarily for re-enactments of historic battles. A lay actor playing the role of a Prussian infantryman sustained life-threatening gunshot injuries during a recent re-enactment of a historic battle of the Sixth Coalition. As only blank historic muzzle-loading weaponry was used, the origin of the missile causing the wounding was initially unclear. Further investigation revealed a ramrod that had been propelled out of the barrel of another gunner's smooth-bore gun as cause of injury. The ramrod was hurled on a trajectory of more than 20 m, breaking the victim's shouldered barrel and hitting the victim resulting in severe abdominal, thoracic, and upper limb injuries. The critical incidents while handling muzzle-loading weaponry leading to premature discharge are elucidated. Furthermore, this report demonstrates how actual diagnostics and subsequent surgical treatment enabled this infantryman to survive an injury to which his comrades-in-arms would have succumbed 200 years ago.     

关于高等教育教学模式的探讨

大学生是高等教育的对象,未来的建设者和接班人.随着知识经济的发展,网络技术的更新换代,社会对人才培养的要求更高,大学教育要把学生培养成合格的人才,学校及教师必须转变传统的教学模式,探讨和创新种种新教学模式.教师在创新教学模式中要不断提高自己的素质.     

基于网络药理学及分子对接探究银翘散“异病同治”小儿急性上呼吸道感染及小儿病毒性心肌炎作用机制

目的 采用网络药理学与分子对接方法探究银翘散“异病同治”小儿急性上呼吸道感染(acute upper respiratory infection in children, AURIC)及小儿病毒性心肌炎(viral myocarditis in children, VMC)的共同分子机制。方法 利用TCMSP数据库及CNKI数据库筛选银翘散的活性成分及靶点;通过GeneCards数据库和OMIM数据库分别筛选AURIC和VMC的相关靶点,获取银翘散与AURIC、VMC三者的交集靶点;利用Cytoscape 3.9.1软件构建“银翘散—成分—靶点”网络,分析重点活性成分;使用STRING数据库通过构建交集靶点的PPI网络以分析核心靶点;使用DAVID数据库对交集靶点进行GO功能和KEGG通路富集分析;利用Autodock Tools软件对核心靶点及主要成分进行分子对接。结果 筛选出银翘散129个活性成分,264个作用靶点;银翘散与AURIC、VMC共119个交集靶点;银翘散—成分—靶点网络的构建得出槲皮素、山柰酚、木犀草素、柚皮素、豆甾醇为排名前5的主要成分;PPI网络构建后得出STAT...